Journalists killed on duty 1992-2007
The Committee to Protect Journalists applies strict journalistic standards when investigating a death. It considers a case “confirmed” only if it is reasonably certain that a journalist was killed in direct reprisal for his or her work; in crossfire; or while carrying out a dangerous assignment. It does not include journalists who are killed in accidents – such as car or plane crashes – unless the crash was caused by hostile action (for example, if a plane were shot down or a car crashed trying to avoid gunfire).
It includes only confirmed cases in our database and in the statistical analysis above. If the motives are unclear, but it is possible that a journalist was killed because of his or her work, the Committee to Protect Journalists classifies the case as “unconfirmed” and continues to investigate to determine the motive for the murder.
*Adds up to more than 100 percent because more than one category applies in some cases.
**CPJ considers justice fully served when both the perpetrators and masterminds are convicted. If perpetrators are convicted, but the intellectual authors are not, CPJ classifies the case as partial justice.
Older workers
Persons aged 55-64 in employment as % of the population of same age group
OECD countries must get more people into employment if they are to boost living standards and maintain welfare services. That is the message from the OECD Jobs Strategy 2006. Some population groups merit particular policy attention. For instance, only 65% of women of working age are employed in the OECD, versus 87% of prime-age men. Meanwhile, premature retirement and barriers to getting a job affect older people that wish to work. In several countries, including Italy, less than a third of 55 to 64 year olds were in employment in 2005, compared with over 60% in the US and Japan, and nearly 85% in Iceland. The Jobs Strategy sees four pillars to effective employment policymaking:
A: Setting appropriate macroeconomic policy
B: Removing impediments to labor-market participation and job-search
C: Tackling obstacles to labor demand
D: Facilitating the development of labor-force skills and competencies
Healthcare spending
Public and private spending, per capital
Healthcare spending has grown faster than GDP in every OECD country except Finland between 1990 and 2004. It accounted for 7% of GDP on average across OECD countries in 1990, but reached 8.9% in 2004. Spending is projected to increase as a share of GDP due to costly new medical technologies and population ageing. The public share of health spending – 73% on average in 2004 – has fallen in some countries, but has risen in others. This includes the US – 40% to 45% in 1990-2004 – where, despite a dominant private sector, US public spending per capita in health remains higher than in most other OECD countries.
Some workers will inevitably be in jobs for which they are overqualified, but the rate of overqualification is higher among foreign-born populations. In Italy and Greece, immigrant overqualification is particularly high compared with native populations. Immigrant overqualification is also relatively high in Norway and Sweden, though this reflects refugees rather than economic migrants. While the native/ foreign gap in overqualification rates is narrower in the UK and US, these countries have respectively the fifth and seventh highest overqualification rates for native-born workers of the 21 countries in
Youth and traffic fatalities
OECD countries
Proportion of youth in the population: 10%
Proportion of youth in driver fatalities: 27%
Traffic crashes are the single greatest killer of 15 to 24 year-olds in OECD countries. These drivers pose a greater risk than other drivers to themselves, their passengers and other road users. The problem also imposes great social and economic costs on individuals, families and societies. In the US alone, government estimates put crashes involving 15 to 20 year-old drivers at $40.8 billion in 2002. Some 8,500 young drivers of passenger vehicles were killed in OECD countries in 2004. Death rates for 18 to 24 year-old drivers are more than double those of older drivers. Moreover, death rates for young men are consistently higher than those of young women, often by a factor of three. In other words, even where overall road safety is improving, young driver risk is not.
