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Business

Lebanon’s top 20 entrepreneurs 2013

by Livia Murray December 13, 2013
written by Livia Murray

There is a lot of talent active in Lebanon’s entrepreneurial landscape. The country’s entrepreneurs are clever, innovative and, most of all, resilient. When Executive picked its list of top 20 entrepreneurs, it looked at impact, innovation, business model, and scalability. This year’s entrepreneurs reflect excellence in these categories, both in terms of successful companies that have presented success stories for the country, and on the part of startups who are boldly launching their businesses in an uncertain climate.

 

Category: Industry Leaders

Anghami

Anghami founders Eddy Maroun & Elie Habib

Entrepreneurs: Eddy Maroun, Elie Habib

Ages: 38, 40

Industry: ICT/entertainment

Established: 2012

Number of employees: 20

Revenues in 2013: not disclosed

 

The model: Anghami is an application that lets users listen to and download Arab and international music on their cellphones. Their music library currently consists of 4 million tracks, and they are planning to increase the number to 6 million by next year. The model is based on a monthly subscription at the cost of $5, but they currently offer a free version of the application to grow their user base. Out of 3.4 million users, 100,000 are paying subscribers who opt for the Anghami plus version which has perks such as unlimited music free of ads. Anghami has recently signed an exclusive deal with Choueiri Group to run ads on the app.

 

Funding: Anghami raised their first round of capital last year, receiving $1 million from venture capital firm Middle East Venture Partners (MEVP). They are now finalizing a second round of funding from a Saudi company, looking to raise $1.5 million.

 

Growth: Valuation multiplied by five since last year. The company has expanded its employees from three in May 2012 to the current 20.

 

Achievements: With 3.4 million users, Anghami is the most-downloaded music application in the Middle East. Anghami is the only company selected to be on Executive’s list of top 20 entrepreneurs for two years, because of the dramatic growth it has experienced in the past year. They recently joined Endeavor, an international network which, via a rigorous process, selects high-impact entrepreneurs and gives them access to contacts in their network and business resources to stimulate the growth of their companies.

 

Challenges: The biggest problem Anghami faces is human capital. People tend to want to leave the country because they can’t find enough decent jobs in Lebanon.

 

Goals: Banking on cellphone integration. Users will be able to subscribe for the app and the app will be charged to them on their cell bills. They are looking toward the Middle East and the Arab world as a whole, including the diaspora. Their most targeted market is Saudi Arabia, which represents 22 percent of their user base, something they are trying to expand on.

 

 

Cedar Books

Cedar books co-founder Cyril Hadji-ThomasCedar Books co-founder Sany Naufal

Entrepreneurs: Cyril Hadji-Thomas, Sany Naufal

Ages: 40, 41

Industry: Book distribution

Established: 2007

Number of employees: 35

Revenues in 2013: between $19 and 21 million

The model: Cedar Books is an online book distributor attempting to sell foreign books throughout the world via a network of booksellers. They work with bookstores, bloggers, and anyone who has a say in the book industry and either sell directly to them, or manage the sales on their behalf. They currently have a catalogue of 25 million books and a plugin which can be put up on bloggers or bookstores’ websites, so that a user can read about a book on a blog and then purchase it directly from the blogger’s website. Profit margins are shared with the partner through whom the book was sold. Cedar Books is a joint venture by Hadji-Thomas, Naufal, and Levant Group, Lebanon’s leading book supplier. 

Funding: MEVP invested $1 million this year for the expansion of Cedar Books.

Growth: 50 to 100 percent every year since its creation.

Market: Their biggest market is the United States. Other big markets include Canada, the United Kingdom, France, the Middle East, and Australia.

Achievements: Cedar Books has sold 1.5 million books, and have opened up to German, Italian, and Spanish language books in addition to English, French, and Arabic. This year they created a network of booksellers, and opened a branches in California and Canada. They currently have a physical presence in five countries.

Competition: Their biggest competitor is Amazon. They compete by giving a higher commission to bookstores or bloggers than Amazon. They are trying to foster good relationships with publishers, focusing in particular on selling books in multiple languages.

Goals: To become one of the most prominent international book distributors by giving all the best tools to booksellers. To sell to every country in every language and to create a community of booksellers. They are currently working on the Bookwitty brand. Until now, everything else has been white-labelled. On Bookwitty, users will have direct access to Cedar Books’ catalogue. It will also act as an aggregation of all articles published about a particular book, and accumulated information that bloggers have posted. The reader can then decide who to buy the book from.

Challenges: Being able to advise a Brazilian reader on a book in German, English, or French.

 

 

Cedar Environmental

Cedar Environmental founder Ziad Abi Chaker

Entrepreneur: Ziad Abi Chaker

Age: 44

Industry: Environmental engineering

Established: 1999

Number of employees: 36

Revenues in 2013: 

$1 million

 

The model: Cedar Environmental is an environmental engineering company that uses patented technology to treat municipal solid waste. Their patents are in dynamic composting technology, waste treatment, and in a technology that recycles plastic bags into panel boards. As they expanded and their operations diversified, they created two other companies: Green Ideas in 2010 which deals with fertilizer production and Greenius in 2013 which deals with plastic recycling. They take a fee to process waste and also sell recycled products such as their panel boards — dubbed “Ecoboards” — which can replace wood or steel boards in any operation. They work for municipalities on a contract basis and among one of their selling points is that they don’t require a landfill. They currently have ten recycling plants across Lebanon. 

Achievements: In 2013, Ecoboard production expanded from 120 boards a month to 500. They created their second subsidiary, Greenius, which, along with Green Ideas, is already profitable.

Competitive edge: They produce a very high grade of compost which is certified for organic agriculture, and use an accelerated composting technique which turns organic waste into compost within three days. They strive for a 95 percent recycling rate.

Goals: To take their technology to as many municipalities as possible and build a major recycling plant in Lebanon, in the process drawing interest from the region to send their recycling to Lebanon.

Challenges: Encouraging countries in the region to invest in processing waste.

 

 

Cleartag

Cleartag founder Tarek Dajani

Entrepreneur: Tarek Dajani

Age: 39

Industry: Software 

and Digital Media

Established: 2000

Number of employees: 

45 in Beirut, 15 in Dubai

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed

 

The model: Cleartag works on a wide variety of services for clients, working with both tangible media and everything that relates to online platforms. Their main work revolves around websites, mobile platforms, and social media platforms, but they have also held installations in physical spaces. They work for clients on various consultancy, strategy and product development services, using technology to enhance a client’s business proposition in order to give it a better market share. One of their clients is Touch, for whom they handle social media activations, applications, community management, and interface — everything on social platforms. 

Funding: Mostly bootstrapped.

Achievements: Cleartag developed Bank Audi’s eGallery which was launched in June 2013. They were responsible for the project from A to Z; from the architecture of the interactive kiosks, to the technologies supporting it. Besides working with Audi and Touch, they have developed platforms for two telecom companies in the region.

Competitive edge:  Cleartag works through a method of cross-pollination — as a tech company, they strive to bring great minds from multiple disciplines together. They have invested in experimenting, because they believe that to think about a product requires not just the technology behind it, but also the impact, strategy, positioning and branding. This strategy allows them to offer unique and innovative products and services to their clients.

Growth: As Cleartag has grown it has led to many spinoff companies so it can remain focused on services. When a concept is deemed worth pursuing it is incorporated as an independent project  under the holding. Cleartag is now part of a holding, DNY Group, with around 6 or 7 ventures. The company has also placed emphasis on regional growth and has expanded around 30-45 percent since last year.

Goal: To keep adapting. In a field that is continuously changing, Cleartag needs to constantly adapt to continue to be relevant.

 

 

Dawtec

Dawtec founder Wissam Daou

Entrepreneur: Wissam Daou

Age: 37

Industry: Renewable energy

Established: 2002

Number of employees: 10

Revenues in 2013: $550,000

 

The model: Dawtec has developed a series of products in renewable energy. Their catalogue includes technology which converts solar energy into thermal energy, with multiple applications including water heating for residential or commercial venues such as hotels, hospitals, and health clubs. These systems can be used for pool heating and for industrial applications. Other products include an architectural solar water heater — for use on roofs or the front of balconies — which includes the same mechanical properties to turn solar energy into thermal. The energy can be used in household or commercial applications. A third product currently not for sale, consists of a testing apparatus, which can be used to test different materials used in solar or water heaters to record data that will allow them to improve their materials. Dawtec makes revenues both from the sales of these products, as well as through maintenance fees.

Achievements: In 2013, Dawtec won the Grow My Business competition for a total cash prize of $33,000. In 2012 they were named among the top five market leaders by the Ministry of Energy.

Funding: $150,000 Kafalat loan.

Goals: They are targeting new markets in the region: Iraq, Kuwait, Jordan, and Qatar.

 

Related article: Where are they now? The most successful of 2012's entrepreneurs

 

Diwanee

Diwanee co-founder Delphine EddéDiwanee co-founder Hervé CuviliezDiwanee co-founder Ivan Petrovic

Entrepreneurs: Delphine Eddé, Hervé Cuviliez, Ivan Petrovic, Patrick Boulos (not pictured)

Ages: 38, 42, 41, 40

Industry: Online media and e-commerce

Established: 2008

Number of employees: 75 in Lebanon, 15 in Dubai, 30-36 in eastern Europe

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed

 

The model: Diwanee is a digital media company operating a series of websites that target women in the Middle East. Their online Arabic content websites are building one of the largest female audiences in the Middle East, with over 5 million users. Their major websites include Yasmina.com, dedicated to fashion, 3a2ilati, a parenting website, and Atyab Tabkha, which specializes in cooking recipes. They also launched an e-commerce wing in January under Mooda.com. Diwanee pursues a strategy of digital marketing working with brands to increase engagement and maximize reach through customized content.

Achievements: In 2013 Diwanee launched their online shopping branch as well as a social network to connect the users across Diwanee various sites. At the end of 2012 Diwanee joined Endeavor’s network, a highly selective international network that helps companies grow by connecting them to mentors and successful entrepreneurs worldwide.

Target market: Diwanee’s services targets in particular Arab women. Their largest user base, at 70 percent, is in Saudi Arabia, with the rest mostly coming from the UAE, Qatar, and Kuwait.

Goal: Diwanee is trying to create a global online ecosystem wherein users interact between their websites. For instance they want to support designers on Mooda, and have people talk about them on Yasmina.com.

 

Nymgo

Nymgo founder Oman Onsi

Entrepreneur: Omar Onsi

Age: 35

Industry: Telecoms

Established: 2008

Number of employees: 40 in Lebanon, 50 total

Revenues in 2013: between $10 and 12 million

 

The model: Nymgo is an application that offers voice over IP  (VOIP) services for callers all over the world — delivering international calls over the internet. Their services are 65 percent cheaper than Skype. Nymgo focuses on expats, specifically on blue collar expats, who are looking for an affordable way to reach their families back home. Although their network operates from Lebanon, they do not actually provide this service in the country as Ogero’s monopoly over telecoms makes VOIP services illegal. For the moment the application is a pay-as-you-go service, but they are planning on launching monthly packages.

Funding: Raised an undisclosed amount in 2011 from Intel and Abraaj Capital of between $3 million and $6 million.

Achievements: In the past year, Nymgo has grown 70 percent. They have customers in 190 countries, and millions of downloads. On a monthly basis they have 150 thousand active users. They joined Endeavor’s network in 2013.

Target market: Nymgo operates worldwide. Their largest consumer base is in the Middle East, Africa and Asia.

Goals: Nymgo is operating in a $95 billion industry. They are focusing on growth, and have high hopes that it could turn into a billion-dollar company.

 

Paravision

Paravision founder Michel Sfeir

Entrepreneur: Michel Sfeir

Age: 40

Industry: Information and technology

Established: 2002

Number of employees: 170 globally with 70 in Lebanon

Revenues in 2013: Off-record

 

The model: Paravision develops multimedia products and services that encompass programming, content creation, and hardware. They work for clients on a project-by-project basis. The product itself depends on the client, and they work for almost all sectors — banking, real estate and tourism. Their clientele includes banks and governments, with 99 percent of their projects outside Lebanon.

Achievements: In the past year, Paravision has created over 3,000 different applications. They have developed interactive multimedia for Beirut’s Mineral Museum: large, interactive touch-screens which let the user learn about the science behind the rocks, their name, age, and chemical composition through immaculate digital visual representations that add value to the visit of both the layman and the specialist. They have also created installations for Panasonic and Toyota exhibits.

Funding: Mostly self-financed, with $400,000 in Kafalat loans which they received almost a decade ago.

Target market: They deliver solutions both domestically and internationally: in the Gulf, the United States, Japan, and Europe.

Goals: To maintain a cutting edge in the field of technology, Paravision are putting money into research and development. They are also developing their products for the Asian market and are currently developing a new product in partnership with an industrial company in Taiwan. Another major product that they are planning to launch in 2014 is Touristube, a platform to guide tourists in every aspect of their travels. They believe the project will draw 50 new employees. Currently operating in Qatar, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi, they have recently opened companies in Saudi Arabia, Europe, and Switzerland and are witnessing a 25 percent growth year-on-year.

Background: Michel Sfeir was a co-founder in three other companies, one of which was a multimedia firm in France.

 

 

The Little Engineer

The Little Engineer founder Rana Shmaitelly

Entrepreneur: Rana Shmaitelly

Age: 42

Industry: Education

Established: 2010

Number of employees: 7 full-time internationally including 4 in Lebanon. 25 part-time

Revenues in 2013: $550,000

The model: The Little Engineer is an educational program which teaches youth aged 6 to 18 in the subjects of science, technology, and engineering. It aims to make students more confident to study and pursue careers in engineering. Starting as a small club in robotics and renewable energy, the Little Engineer is a franchising model and has opened 6 centers in Lebanon, Qatar, and Libya. The Little Engineer is primarily an after-school program but has also established clubs within schools. Their clients consist of the students who pay fees to enroll in their programs.

Funding: $50,000 from MIT Arab Competition in 2010. $20,000 from Cartier Women’s Initiative Awards.

Achievements: In 2013 the Little Engineer piloted a program that could be integrated into a school’s curriculum. The year also brought them a strategic partnership with leading aircraft manufacturer Airbus Middle East to deliver workshops in the region. A further significant partnership in the past year was established with American-based scientific and engineering software production company National Instruments to use their programming language software to teach children.

Goals: They are currently working to set up a franchise in Kuwait.

Strategy for the future: To grow the company and make a good exit, then start another company with a new concept.

 

 

Woopra

Woopra founder Elie Khoury

Entrepreneur: Elie Khoury

Age: 28

Industry: Internet/technology

Established: 2008

Number of employees: 10

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed six-figure number

 

The model: Woopra is a platform that offers businesses     real-time analytics. It allows its clients to understand how their customers engage with their website and applications, and then use this insight to plan strategically, charging their clients a momthly fee to use their products.

Achievements: In 2013, Woopra moved further upmarket into the enterprise space. Their clients include large, international companies with some of the internet’s highest trafficked websites. They have closed a partnership with cloud computing company salesforce.com, best known for its customer relationship management software.

Competitive edge: Woopra distinguishes itself by allowing its clients to see people, not just numbers, in real-time, and take tactical actions based on their behavior, such as email or promotional on-site ads.

Expansion: Woopra was founded in Byblos, Lebanon, but has been an international company from the start. As the company expanded, the founders felt that to optimize growth they needed to move to the heart of the technology industry, which precipitated their 2011 move to San Francisco. They run minimal operations in Lebanon.

Goals: Woopra is currently working on forming partnerships with other major technology companies, and is looking to increase their strategic partnerships and continue to increase their marketworth.

 

Category: Startup Entrepreneurs

Bnooki

Bnooki co-founder Elie BouJaoude

Entrepreneurs: Elie BouJaoude (pictured), Nicolas L’Helgoualch, Yann Rotyl

Ages: 30s, 40s, 40s

Industry: Online banking comparison website

Established: 2013

Number of employees: 5

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed, but cash-flow positive 

 

The model: Bnooki is an online comparison website for banking services. Users can compare bank services to get the best deal to match their personal criteria. They can apply for the service directly through Bnooki’s website. They generate revenues from the business reports they sell to banks, and from advertising.

Achievements: Bnooki launched in 2013 and very quickly reached a significant user base and are sending more than 500 requests to banks per month. They also generated revenues very early after their launch. They received an approval to operate from the central bank, and among their greatest achievements got 21 banks on board with their services. They also signed an agreement with the Beirut Chamber of Commerce under which the chamber launched a new loan which can be applied for exclusively via Bnooki.

Goals: Bnooki is currently working on a partnership with Google to establish ties to their website. They are also conducting market studies in other regions of the MENA to see which market they can expand to. The company is looking at horizontal and vertical expansion. In terms of horizontal expansion they are looking towards countries in the MENA region. In terms of vertical expansion they are looking towards expanding to other sectors, such as investment.

Background: Elie worked for a number of years at Kafalat, then became an investor at Berytech fund. He has sat on the boards of many startups.

 

 

CardioDiagnostics

CardioDiagnostics co-founder Ziad SankariCardioDiagnostics co-founder Layla el-Zein

Entrepreneurs: Ziad Sankari, Layla el-Zein

Ages: 28, 29

Industry: Healthcare/IT

Established: US in 2011, Lebanon in 2013

Number of employees: 1 full-time, 8 part time

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed, less than $1 million. Close to breaking even. Projected $1 million in 2014.

 

The model: CardioDiagnostics offers portable devices that monitor patients’ hearts outside of hospitals for up to a month. The data registered on these devices is transferred to monitoring centers, where it is checked by professional experts. This technology helps patients get out of the hospital faster, and gives medical professionals better tools to provide quick diagnoses to patients. Patients rent this machine from hospitals, and CardioDiagnostics receives money for the service, generally from insurance companies. Their revenue stream includes the rental fees and the licensing of their technology to third parties.

Funding: Cardiodiagnostics has been financed by the Qatar foundation and Berytech for undisclosed amounts.

Achievements: In Lebanon, they have partnered with the largest medical centers in the country. The company operates from Lebanon, but their technology is also attracting US customers, and has been deemed up to international and US standards. When the company was established in 2011, they were still working on researach and development. They have only recently started acquiring customers across the US in significant quantities. They currently have more than one thousand cardiologist customers across the US.

Goals: CardioDiagnostics is considering expansion to other countries looking in particular at Belgium and Germany.

Challenges: Difficult to find talent. One of the reasons they decided to come back to Lebanon was to create job opportunities, but they found it difficult to transform fresh graduates coming out of universities into sophisticated well-experienced talent.

 

 

Dom Controls

Dom Controls founder Ahmad Bizri

Entrepreneur: Ahmad Bizri

Age: 30

Industry: Home Automation

Established: 2012

Number of employees: 2

Revenues in 2013: Revenues pending the launch of the product.

 

The model: Dom Controls creates home automation technology that allows users to control air conditioning, hot water, curtains and blinds, light dimmers, etc using their cellphone, smartphone, or computer as a remote. Bizri is still working on the prototype, but has found a market in Lebanon, where he has been approached by many potential customers, some of whom were interested in customized versions of the technology. 

Achievements: Dom Controls will equip the 11th and 12th floors of Skygate, a prestigious property in Achrafieh still in development. The company has also have been approached by an enterprise that sells yachts.

Target market: The Middle East, particularly the Gulf where there is a demand for high-tech luxury items. Bizri is looking at Saudi Arabia, Erbil in Iraq, the UAE and Kuwait in particular.

Financing: Partly self-funded, with some funding from Berytech and one other private financial backer.

Thinking about: Creating a series of products for the industrial sectors, for instance being able to turn on machines at a distance without having to be present in the factory.

 

eTobb

eTobb co-founders Paul Saber, Sara Helou and Jad Joubran

Entrepreneurs: Paul Saber, Sara Helou, Jad Joubran

Ages: 25, 25, 20

Industry: Online Health

Established: 2013

Number of employees: 5

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed

 

The model: eTobb is an online Q & A platform which connects doctors to patients. It allows users to pose questions anonymously and for free to doctors, in either public or private conversations. It also allows them to read the answers to other members’ questions, and search for doctors to review their profiles. One of the inspirations behind eTobb was the founders’ realization that a lot of people asking medical questions online were not recieving reliable information. The venture’s revenues currently come via sponsorships from insurance and pharmaceutical companies that can sponsor particular topics or place logos and products on eTobb’s site.

Funding: 2012 investment of $76,500 from startup accelerator Seeqnce.

Achievements: eTobb managed to attract over 700 doctors, who cover 38 medical specialties, in addition to over 20,000 registered users, with 5,000 questions answered by doctors. They were semifinalists in the MIT Arab Business Plan Competition, and nominated for the 2013 World Summit Awards in the e-Health & Environment category.

Target market: eTobb’s users are primarily Lebanese, with some from the Arab world and a few outside the region.

Goals: To improve access to healthcare in the region by digitalizing health. The company is currently working to charge a monthly fee for doctors to make online bookings through their websites. They are also looking to expand to other countries.

 

 

Kashida

Kashida co-founders Elie Abou Jamra and Mirna Hamady

Entrepreneurs: Elie Abou Jamra, Mirna Hamady

Ages: 27, 25

Industry: Creative industries/product design

Established: 2011

Number of employees: No full-time, projects outsourced monthly to design hubs. In peak season they have 10 people working for them.

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed

 

The model: Kashida sells home accessories and furniture based on 3D Arabic typography. They also create personalized design pieces for clients. Their work covers small to large home accessories, corporate gifts, and souvenirs for events. Their concept celebrates the Arabic script with a functional element. They have partnerships with five to six production workshops in the region, in which they work with craftsmen and artisans. Kashida generates revenues by selling their products and services. Their products are ready-made items, whereas their services stem from the customization of their items. They can create designs with letters and words to reflect the name of companies, souvenirs for weddings, or baby showers amongst other things.

Funding: Self-financed.

Achievements: In 2013 Kashida created an e-commerce portal so that their clients could make purchases online. They have increased the number of products in their line, expanded to different markets, and grown internationally. At the end of 2013, they secured a partner in the UAE and plan on opening an office in Dubai. Their revenues grew 200 percent in one year. They currently have partnerships with big regional designers in the MENA region such as Dewan Architects in the UAE, Nuqat Creative Conference and Promoseven in Kuwait and Brash Brands in Dubai.

Target market: Kashida has expanded beyond Lebanon and their clientele is mostly based in the Gulf. They cater to both individuals and businesses.

Goals: They are focusing on business-to-business, increasing their partnerships with interior designers, creating more lines of corporate gifts, focusing on larger pieces, and targeting the GCC market.

 

 

Moujaz

Moujaz co-founder Shadi MoadadMoujaz co-founder Ali Hammoud

Entrepreneurs: Shadi Moadad, Ali Hammoud

Ages: 35, 20

Industry: IT/broadband/information extraction

Established: 2013

Number of employees: 1

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed

 

The model: Moujaz is a summary service that extracts key information from articles to provide a shorter version. Moujaz’s technology allows businesses to send their articles to the company and receive a short version in seconds. The businesses can then provide article summaries for their users. Moujaz removes up to 75 percent of content in a totally automated service. The program can increase hits to a website by 25 percent. Their model hinges on a monthly subscription for media websites, with several cost brackets depending on the amount of articles summarized.

Achievements: Secured a partnership with one media agency, and working on another. These have access to 40 large newspapers.

Target market: Cellphone users. Consumers of articles by phone often don’t have the time or attention to read a full article.

Challenges: Convincing businesses that they need to keep up with technology in order to stay alive.

Goals: They are working on a plugin for customers to use their services directly to summarize articles, to grow their user base and make their product easier to sell. They also aim to capture more users across the region. From the data they collect from these users, they plan on developing another product to sell to newspapers which would provide info about their users, and generate recommendations based on their behaviour.

 

 

Pin Pay

Pin Pay founder Omar Bader

Entrepreneur: Omar Bader

Age: 48

Industry: Mobile payments

Established: 2008

Number of employees: 28

Revenues in 2013: Undisclosed. Expect to make $2 million in 2014.

 

The model: Pin Pay is an application that allows users to make payments from their cellphones. This mobile banking service allows users to check their account balance, receive statements, transfer funds, and contact a help desk. Users can also make mobile payments to pay bills, recharge their phones, etc. Their revenues come from subscription fees and transaction fees. In some cases the users pay, but most often it is the receivers who pay. So far, they have established partnerships with Bank Audi and Bank Med, and are working closely with three other banks.

Funding: Over a period of 5 years they have raised around $5 million from banks, angel investors, and MEVP. Pin Pay was launched as a joint initiative between Omar Bader, MEVP, and Bank Audi.

Achievements: In 2013, Pin Pay has expanded their transactions and the number of payment types available to the user: including TV subscriptions, health subscriptions, and government payments. They have added a second bank to their portfolio and have increased the number of users. They currently have 70,000 active users. They are the only company authorized by the central bank to do inter-bank transactions.

Goals: First, the company wants to break even. Then they plan on increasing the number of banks, users, and services that they offer, to create more value for Pin Pay customers. They are looking to add at least 100 new services, ranging from membership fees to recurring bills.

Challenges: There are a lot of legal issues surrounding regional expansion.

Background: Omar Bader has previously co-founded 3 companies.

 

 

Presella

Presella co-founders Walid Singer and Louay Al Kadri

Entrepreneurs: Walid Singer, Louay Al Kadri

Ages: 28, 26

Industry: E-commerce

Established: 2012

Number of employees: 3

Revenues in 2013: between $15,000 and $21,000

 

The model: Presella is a crowdfunding and e-ticketing platform. Users can either create a regular confirmed event, or an unconfirmed event — following a crowdfunding model, where the event will only take place if its goal is reached in ticket sales. Presella makes 2.5 percent plus 99 cents on every ticket sold, and 4 percent plus 99 cents on their crowdfunding campaigns.

Funding: $76,500 from startup accelerator Seeqnce.

Achievements: Presella sold $300,000 dollars worth of tickets, and over 100,000 tickets both online and offline. They have 3,000 registered buyers, and have hosted over 200 events in Lebanon. They have also hosted events in Dubai, Qatar, Cyprus, and Turkey.

Goals: Presella are working on a cellphone application and looking to expand as quickly as possible.

 

Ubility Net

Ubility Net co-founders Ziad Mabsout and Khaled Dassouki

Entrepreneurs: Ziad Mabsout, Khaled Dassouki

Ages: 25, 33

Industry: Communications/cellular operators

Established: 2013

Number of employees: 2

Revenues in 2013: No revenues in 2013, plan to break even in 2014.

 

The model: Ubility Net is a technology company that creates tools for cellular operators to create flexible data plans for their users. Still awaiting a patent, their product would allow cellphone users to obtain customized data plans, to get the most out of their mobile experience. Their product is a combination of hardware and software; a server on which they install software that monitors the internet traffic of customers. Cellular operators can then create plans based on Ubility Net’s tools, which are also used in delivering the plan to the customer. Their revenue stream consists of the sale of the tool to cellular operators, and then support services.

Achievements: Ubility Net came in first place in the Maurice Fadel Prize in 2013. This year they were among the top 10 at the MIT Arab Startup Competition. They also found their first customer ­— a cellular operator in the Gulf.

Competitive edge: Ubility Net sees itself as unique because of its easy-to-use traffic-tracking technology with an interface geared directly towards cellular operators who can create data plans directly through Ubility Net’s software.

Goals: Ubility Net is finalizing its period of research and development and is planning to launch its final product in 2014.

Strategy for the future: They are planning to launch a series of products, all related to mobile operators.

 

Zoomaal

Entrepreneur: Abdalla Absi

Age: 21

Industry: Crowdfunding

Established: 2012

Number of employees: 3 in Lebanon, 1 in Syria

Revenues in 2013: $4,000

The model: Zoomaal is a crowdfunding platform for the Arab world. The crowdfunding platform lets projects with a defined scope raise money, which they receive only if they reach their goal. If the project is successful, Zoomaal makes a 5 percent commission on the project. If it is not, the money goes back to the contributors. Zoomaal has 12 different categories for their projects, including music, art, research and inventions, and education.

Funding: The platform is supported by 4 VC firms in the region: Wamda, MEVP, Sawari Ventures (Egypt) and National Net Ventures (Saudi Arabia). The company is seeking a second round of investment.

Achievements: Zoomaal has had five successful projects for which they raised a total of $100,000. Among their success stories is Lebanese band Mashrou’ Leila, who raised $67,073 in a month to fund their third album Raasuk. They have launched 22 projects on their website.

December 13, 2013 2 comments
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Business

Where are they now?

by Livia Murray December 13, 2013
written by Livia Murray

Of the 20 companies picked for 2012’s top entrepreneurs, five stood out for their innovation, business acumen and drive. In no particular order were AdTech, a startup that imports used computers to sell on the Lebanese market, Anghami, which provides online music, Cinemoz, a video-on-demand service, Eastline Marketing, an online marketing company, and finally Butterfleye — now Instabeat — a startup manufacturing heartbeat-monitoring goggles for swimmers. Of these, Anghami made it into the top 20 for a second time running, and is profiled here. Here, Executive checks in with the other four to see how far they have come and where they are now.

 

AdTech

Entrepreneurs: Joseph Massih, Elio Massih

Ages: 29, 24

Industry: Technology

Established: 2011

Number of employees: 4

Revenues in 2013: $800,000, up from $300,000 in 2012

 

The model: AdTech imports used computers from the United States to sell in Lebanon. Targeting a specific niche in the lower class Lebanese market, they have partnerships with electronic wholesalers in Tripoli, the Bekaa, and the South. From these partners they also purchase electronic scraps, computers that are dismantled in AdTech’s warehouse and sent to be recycled. Plastic parts can be recycled in Lebanon, but the rest are sent to Europe, where they have partnerships with a network of big recycling companies.

 

Since last year: AdTech’s revenues have more than doubled from $300,000 in 2012 to $800,000 in 2013. During the past year they realized that Lebanon was lacking the proper means to recycle old electronics. “After a year of importing electronics, we saw a proper solution for us to get rid of our old stuff,” explains co-founder Joseph Massih. This year they began procuring electronic scraps from their partners that buy used electronics, and have just acquired land in Batroun on which they plan to build a recycling facility.

 

Looking to the future: The founders of AdTech are currently talking to investors to get funding to enable their procurement and recycling of unusable electronics. They are also looking at other markets. They are currently looking toward Iraq, and are thinking of starting a similar program there by mid-2014. They hope to reach the $1 million revenue mark by 2014.

 

 

Cinemoz

Entrepreneurs: Karim Safieddine, Maroun Najm, Jad Saroud

Ages: 29, 29, 30

Industry: Media

Established: 2011

Number of Employees: 13, up from 11 in 2012

Revenues in 2013: $500,000, up from $200,000 in 2012

 

The model: Cinemoz offers an on-demand online video platform. They currently have over 1,000 movies available in Arabic. Their two main goals are preserving the heritage of Arabic cinema, and kickstarting the next wave of Arabic content throughout the world. Their core revenues come from advertising. They will be launching a paid subscription via credit card, SMS, and in app devices by mid-2013.

 

Since last year: For Cinemoz, 2013 was the year of scaling. Since last year they doubled their audience and established content partnerships with three major studios across the region and also launched their own production track. They have started creating their own content tailored to a younger audience

 

Looking to the future: Cinemoz is seeking to develop its user base. Their main markets today are Saudi Arabia and Egypt, followed by the rest of the Gulf. They are working on growing these markets and evolving outside of the online sphere to attract an offline audience. They are planning high-end online campaigns to attract users by delivering original content. They are aiming to generate between $760,000 and $1.1 million in 2014.

 

 

Eastline Marketing

Entrepreneurs: Marc Dfouni & Nemr Nicolas Badine

Ages: 37, 37

Industry: Online Marketing

Established: 2006

Number of Employees: 32, up from 15 in 2012

Revenues in 2013: $1.6 million, up from $1.2 million in 2012

 

The model: Eastline Marketing is an online marketing company. They deliver services in the domains of social media marketing, search engine optimization, paid search marketing, and online advertising. They serve markets locally, regionally, and internationally.

 

Since last year: The team has grown from 15 to 32 employees and has doubled revenues. In terms of geographical reach, they have expanded to Saudi Arabia. They have also launched new products online, one of which, SweepzApp.com, is a self-service platform for companies to launch sweepstakes online for their users to enter a draw through Facebook or Instagram.

 

Looking to the future: In 2014, in addition to further expansion in Saudi Arabia Eastline Marketing plan to further develop additional components for their Sweepzapp.com app. Their projected revenues for 2014 are 2.5 million.

 

 

Instabeat (formerly Butterfleye)

Entrepreneur: Hind Hobeika

Age: 25

Industry: Sports technology

Established in: 2011

Number of Employees: 5

Revenues in 2013: no current revenues, but 1,000 pre-orders

 

The model: Instabeat is a sports technology startup that has designed swimming goggles that can monitor a swimmer’s performance while they swim. The goggles allow swimmers to visualize their heart rate in real time through the lens, with a blue light if fat is burning, green light for being in a fitness zone, and a red light if they have reached maximum performance. The goggles measure calories, number of laps, number of flips and turns and breathing patterns. To top it off, swimmers can upload their information after their workout for a detailed analysis over time.

 

Since last year: Instabeat has launched a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo, surpassing their target of $35,000 by raising a total of $56,374. Though they have not yet sold their technology, in the past year they have received 1,000 pre-orders for their goggles — priced at $150 a piece. Their market is mainly international — with 90 percent of pre-orders coming from outside the country.

 

Looking to the future: Instabeat plans on selling a couple of thousand units in the next year. They are currently focusing on a swimming product that they want to distribute all over the world. Beyond this, they want to develop new sports products, not just limited to swimming.

December 13, 2013 0 comments
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Comment

Along the fault lines

by Lama Fakih December 13, 2013
written by Lama Fakih

Lebanon is no stranger to the horrors of violence, proxy wars, sectarian strife, stagnant reforms, economic woes and refugee crises. In 2013 all of these afflictions have pushed the country into one of its worst security and social crises in years.

Violence from neighboring Syria spilled over into Lebanon — in the form of kidnappings, cross-border shelling and car bombings.

A car bomb on July 9 in the Beirut suburb of Beir al-Abed wounded dozens of people. On August 15, a previously unknown Syrian opposition group, the Aisha Brigades, claimed responsibility for a car bombing in the Rweiss suburb of Beirut that killed more than two dozen people and injured hundreds more. Eight days later, on August 23, car bombings targeted two mosques in Tripoli where sheikhs who support the Syrian opposition were giving sermons, leaving more than 40 dead and 400 wounded. No one has claimed responsibility for these bombings, but arrest warrants have been issued for members of the Arab Democratic Party which is allied with the Syrian government. 

On November 19, a twin suicide bombing in front of the Iranian Embassy in Beirut killed at least 23 people and injured nearly 150. Sheikh Sirajeddine Zuraiqat, the religious leader of the Al-Qaeda affiliated Abdullah Azzam Brigades in Lebanon, announced on his Twitter account that the group was behind the attack, citing the presence of Hezbollah’s forces in Syria fighting for the government and the detention of Islamists in Lebanon as justifications.

Sectarian tensions in 2013, exacerbated by the conflict in Syria and a climate of impunity for gunmen, led to deadly clashes in Tripoli and Saida. In May, gunmen from the Jabal Mohsen and Bab al-Tabbaneh neighborhoods in Tripoli clashed, killing at least 28 and wounding more than 200. In October, a week of fighting between those neighborhoods left at least 13 more dead and 91 wounded.

The government finally implemented a security plan for Tripoli and deployed units of both the army and Internal Security Forces to the city in November. However, it failed to take steps needed to protect residents, such as confiscating weapons, arresting and prosecuting fighters, and maintaining an active security presence.

Syrian refugees registered in Lebanon topped 816,000 in November, and with limited international support the Lebanese government struggled to meet the refugees’ needs. According to the UNHCR, the UN refugee agency, the $1.2 billion appeal for refugees in Lebanon was only 51percent funded as of October 31. On November 1, UNHCR began eliminating basic assistance for 30 percent of the refugees from Syria in Lebanon due to the funding shortfall, further debilitating the vulnerable.

Lebanon, the last of Syria’s neighboring countries to maintain an open border policy, has borne an enormous burden as it continues  to receive refugees. But closing the border to those fleeing death and persecution — as the government began to do in August when it started turning away Syrian Palestinians — is not the answer. 

The Lebanese poor are bearing perhaps the greatest burden of the refugee crisis in Lebanon. In an October report, the World Bank found that as a result of the conflict in Syria up to 170,000 Lebanese could slide into poverty and that unemployment could increase by 10 percent by the end of 2014.

Amid the violence and crippled economy, Lebanon suffered from a familiar lack of leadership. Prime Minister Najib Mikati resigned in early 2013, and politicians still have not formed a new government. Draft laws to stop torture, improve the treatment of migrant domestic workers, protect women from domestic violence, and end discrimination against women under personal status laws — all issues of chronic concern in Lebanon — remain stalled in parliament.

In 2014, Lebanese need to see a government that will step up to fill security vacuums, arrest and prosecute those responsible for violence, and confiscate weapons of war. If the abuses are to stop, there can be no impunity.

The government should also do more to meet the needs of historically underserved communities such as Jabal Mohsen and Bab al-Tabbaneh and those in border areas including Wadi Khaled and Arsal. Residents in these communities lack employment opportunities and adequate infrastructure and services and suffer the consequences of the burgeoning refugee population.

Finally, donor countries should give more generously so Lebanon can continue to meet its commitments to the growing refugee population and to shore up infrastructure, health services and the beleaguered local economy. Only then can Lebanon be expected to continue to bear the weight of this crisis.

Lama Fakih is Middle East researcher at Human Rights Watch

December 13, 2013 0 comments
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Economics & Policy

Potholes in the road to extraction

by Joe Dyke December 12, 2013
written by Joe Dyke

Lebanon’s progress towards extracting its offshore oil and gas in 2013 could perhaps be summed up by a version of the somewhat hackneyed phrase ‘one step forward and one (possibly two) steps back’.

The first six months of the year things appeared to be moving like clockwork. Energy Minister Gebran Bassil was powering (critics would say bludgeoning) ahead in his attempts to extract and the six-member Petroleum Administration — appointed in November 2012 — began its work in a positive fashion.

On March 28, just days after the government of Prime Minister Najib Mikati collapsed, Bassil publicly announced the names of the 52 companies from 25 countries that had submitted applications to bid on the country’s offshore oil and gas. Positively, he also announced clear criteria for determining which would be accepted. Operators — the largest companies in the three-company consortiums — were required to have total assets of at least $10 billion and ownership of at least one petroleum development in water depths beyond 500 meters. Non-operators needed total assets of at least $500 million and an established                 petroleum production.

On the 18th of the following month, Bassil returned to the media to announce that 46 of the 52 had been accepted. Among the companies disqualified were the only bidders from China and Iran. The world’s energy giants, including Total, Shell and Exxon Mobile, passed. This, coupled with newly released seismic data that indicated reserves were greater than previously thought, created an optimism that Lebanon’s march towards oil and gas prosperity would not be sidelined by the political chaos affecting the country.

Pitfalls

Yet, since the middle of the year, progress has ground to a halt due to a depressingly familiar phenomena for the Lebanese — political infighting. When Mikati’s government collapsed, it left two decrees unsigned — one specified the terms of the revenue sharing model and the other formally demarcated Lebanon’s offshore oil and gas blocks. They were largely formulaic, with the contents already widely circulated, but technically required a cabinet decision to come into force.

After a decision in the Shura Council — Lebanon’s highest legal body — it was concluded that all that was needed was for the caretaker cabinet to meet “for two minutes,” as Bassil told Executive in August, and sign the contracts. But this has not yet occurred and, as of going to print, looks unlikely to happen in the near future.

The reasons for this are largely political. The opposition March 14 movement, led by the Europe-based Saad Hariri, has gone on the attack — saying signing the decrees is unconstitutional without a new government. In a stinging attack, Tripoli MP Mohammad Kabbara, from Hariri’s Future Movement, accused Bassil of corruption. “We do not want the oil that the bloc of corruption claims to preserve,” he said. “We want our oil, but we prefer that it remains preserved at the bottom of the sea until a government of honorable [politicians] is formed to handle it.”

It is common in Lebanese politics for the opposition to accuse the government of corruption (often with good reason), but more worryingly for Bassil a number of people on his own side have also refused to back him. He has faced increasing hostility from other parts of the governing March 8 movement. In late October caretaker Minister of Economy and Trade Nicholas Nahas, a Mikati ally, declared that he also believed it to be unconstitutional to pass the two decrees. Until a new government was formed, he warned, there could be no progress.

There have also been major concerns around the way in which Bassil is leading the process ­­— with allegations of monopolization of power and a complete lack of transparency over funds, as revealed in Executive’s October edition. These doubts over his personal role have made rival political parties less willing to reach a compromise.

This dual process of politicization and personalization has created the general impression that meaningful progress on oil and gas is unlikely in the coming weeks and months. If the country remains without a government — and so far prime minister-elect Tammam Salam has shown few signs of being able to form a ruling coalition — it is likely that the delay will stretch on into 2014.

Trouble in paradise

As a short-term consequence of this the country is likely to fall further behind its neighbors Israel and Cyprus in the race to extract offshore resources. The two countries have moved closer in the past year, agreeing a memorandum of understanding to establish a joint liquefied natural gas plant in June. Both are several years ahead of Lebanon in their processes.

However, they have been having their own share of setbacks recently, suggesting the eastern Mediterranean may not be as lucrative as previously thought. In early October the Texas-based Noble Energy announced that the amount of gas found in an oil field off Cyprus was 5 trillion cubic feet (tcf), significantly lower than the 2011 estimate of 7 tcf. For Israel the news was worse still. In mid-October Israeli company Shemen Oil and Gas Resources Inc found that the Yam 3 well, previously estimated to contain up to 120 million barrels of oil, was all but dry. After an investment of over $170 million, the company looks set to abandon the project.

The two cases should serve as a warning that when Bassil makes statements — such as he did in late October — that Lebanon has discovered more gas than previously thought, he is not strictly in the know. While the seismic surveys have been largely positive, until drilling begins there are no guarantees Lebanon has enough hydrocarbons to make it financially worthwhile to extract them.

Yet the promise of oil and gas, however far away, is starting to have negative effects on already stalled attempts to push through much needed reforms to Lebanon’s distorted economy. “It is very misleading, the talk that we are about to turn into an oil or gas exporting country like Qatar. But that is what the politicians have projected onto the population,” says Nassib Ghobril, head of research at Byblos Bank. He cites in particular a government billboard campaign that included statements such as “Now we have oil, we can fund the army.” The promise of oil and gas money is encouraging a careless spending attitude, says Ghobril. “The worst part is you have ministers in this government that say ‘It is ok if you spend because we can make it up with oil and gas later on. There is no need for reforms now.’”

Looking ahead

Trying to stare into the crystal ball of Lebanon’s political future is notoriously difficult. Sometimes what may appear to outsiders as a stalemate can suddenly produce a constructive deal. Carole Nakhle, an energy economist specializing in international petroleum, points out that the fluctuating nature of Lebanon’s political sphere means that a deal is not impossible — if political interests align.

“The late [British prime minister] Margaret Thatcher once said ‘in politics expect the unexpected’. In the Lebanese context, this is doubly true,” she said. “I can’t guess what is happening in politicians’ minds especially in the light of the conflicting and diverging interests — both on an individual and political party levels.”

Nakhle stressed, however, that the longer the delay continues and politicians continue to fight for power, the more damage it could do to the country’s oil and gas bids. “The more the oil and gas sector becomes politicized, the worse the consequences will be.” The long-term goal, she argues, should be to “depoliticize the energy sector and take a national, long term perspective.”

Ghobril thinks a deal will be made at some point, providing the major political groups get their share. “Our political class have been dividing the economic pie for 30 years, but the pie has been shrinking because they have eaten it. The new economic pie is oil and gas — the politicians are looking at how to divide it…I suspect they will find a way [to make a deal in 2014] — their objectives meet when it comes to oil and gas.”

December 12, 2013 1 comment
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Economics & Policy

The youth and the Arab Spring

by Zafiris Tzannatos December 12, 2013
written by Zafiris Tzannatos

Too many youth, too many unemployed, poor education, jobless economic growth: all frequent hypotheses put forward to explain the uprisings that started in Tunisia in December 2010 and then spread across the Arab world. 

Of course, the youth were the most visible part of the uprisings. This is to be expected: Older people and those at work, mostly self-employed or small shopkeepers (some 85 percent of those employed in the Arab region are said to be working in family business) do not or cannot take to the streets.  

But what is certain is that there are less youth in the region than there were two or three decades ago. In North Africa the ratio of youth-to-adult population peaked in the late 1970s and in the Middle East in the early 1990s.  Why didn’t the youth revolt in those eras, given their numbers and the fact that youth unemployment was also higher?  

In fact, since the 1990s job creation in the Arab region has been the fastest in the world. Employment rose to 81 million in 2010 from 45 million in 1991, an 80 percent increase compared to population growth of only 50 percent. Most new jobs went to young and educated job seekers who are prepared to work for less than adults: In 1990 the number of unemployed youth was 34 percent larger than that for adults.  In 2010 there were 5 percent more unemployed adults than unemployed youth — a massive reversal. In short, it was not just the rate of economic growth that mattered since economic reforms were initiated in the 1990s — ironically with Tunisia being the region’s leader in this respect. It was the quality of jobs that did not meet the expectations of growing numbers of adults, the rising middle classes and the more educated youth. 

Learning outcomes of Arab students are below the global average and, paradoxically, lowest in the GCC countries where no public expense is spared and citizens have little income pressures or need for child labor. But in current economic circumstances, Arab jobseekers are not unemployable.

Double-sided contract

There are many reasons to believe that production requirements in the Arab world are “primitive”, characterized by low productivity, low skills and low wages. How else can one explain the fact that the region has the highest skilled emigration rate in the world? If Arabs can work abroad in high-income countries with advanced technologies (e.g. the European Union or the United States) then they have more skills than are locally required — which local employers are willing to pay for. If there were skills shortages, employers would either train or pay higher wages for skilled workers. In fact, training rates among Arab employers are the lowest in the world, and the wage premium for educated workers is the lowest. 

What went wrong before the Arab Spring?  One explanation may be that the traditional social contract whereby the population exchanged political freedom in return for public sector jobs, free public services, low taxes, and other handouts from the state created increasing fiscal pressures on governments and rising gaps in private sector productivity and competitiveness.  From the 1980s, the ability to co-opt the educated into the relatively well paid civil service — a mechanism for upward social mobility  — or to expand social protection for the masses became constrained. Economic reforms were introduced in the 1990s that reduced the ability of the state to act as an employer of last resort, public expenditures were curtailed and with them social services, many of which were privatized.  

The reforms created employment but at low wages, while social protection declined and vulnerability increased, as did a sense of unfairness. Given the absence of political changes, declining citizen voice and government accountability since the 1990s, privatization amounted more to “denationalization” wherein assets and profits were appropriated by the establishment’s elite, including  political leaders, the army, and senior civil servants as well as their wives, sons, siblings and in-laws. 

Looking beyond youth

Following the reforms, the region had fast economic growth from the early 1990s until 2010. However, the share of national income that went to workers declined by 30 percent, the fastest in the world, with a commensurate reduction in private consumption. Inequality increased as growth was not inclusive. This affected the majority of the population, namely the adults, who are also more empowered than the youth by virtue of their incomes and positions. The youth are the noise, not the engine. 

This explanation can be contested and is perhaps unfair for some Arab states. In fact, this is an incomplete story. Other observations that can be added are, first, that whilst the Middle East has the highest rates of youth and adult unemployment in the world this is largely due to levels of unemployment for women. For example the unemployment rate of Arab men is in the normal range (8 percent) and, is in fact, lower than in Africa, East Europe and the high income economies. However the unemployment rate for women stands at 17 percent, while in all other regions it is half the figure with no material differences between women and men. 

This is history and what is important now is “what next”? On the one hand, changes in the Arab region are relatively fast. It took the US 40 years to increase enrollments among girls aged between 6 to 12 years old from 57 percent to 88 percent; Morocco achieved a similar increase for this age group in just over a decade (from 58 percent in 1997 to 88 percent in 2008). The average family size declined from 7 to 3 children in just one generation compared to more than a century among high income countries. Family laws are also being reformed, even references to the husband as head of the family have been eliminated.

On the other hand, what matters in a globalizing world is not how fast you move, but how fast relative to others. The Arab region has yet to be integrated into the world economy. International experience suggests that it takes on average more than 20 years before youth unemployment reverts to pre-crisis levels. Local conflicts and geopolitical instability can add more to this. This is a grim scenario. What is therefore needed is for governments to create a level economic playing field by reducing nepotism and corruption, and developing sustainable and adequate social protection schemes for all: youth and adults, women and men. And to do this fast. 

Whether this can be done without allowing citizens’ voices to be heard and governments’ accountability to be increased is debatable. What can at least be correctly diagnosed is that the problem is neither the Arab youth nor their drive for education. The youth are the solution, if they are given a chance. 

 

Zafiris Tzannatos is a Beirut-based economist and former senior advisor to the International Labor Organization

December 12, 2013 0 comments
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Finance

Bank of Beirut goes down under

by Maya Sioufi December 12, 2013
written by Maya Sioufi

"I’m much happier in Beirut than in London or Sydney or Melbourne. We belong to our roots,” says Salim Sfeir, chairman of Bank of Beirut (BoB), Lebanon’s seventh largest bank. Sitting in the bank’s headquarters in downtown Beirut, Sfeir is freshly returned from his latest trip to Australia, a country his bank has taken a big bet on.

Lebanon’s banks have been exploring expansion beyond their borders for a while now. To reduce the sovereign exposure and generate more lucrative returns some have set up shop in Iraq, Syria, Paris and Geneva, or looked to the African continent, including Egypt. BoB’s strategy was different; go where its counterparts were not present. And that’s when the bank set its sight on a country over 12,000 kilometers away. 

Sfeir expects the bank’s balance sheet in Australia to outweigh that of Lebanon in the next five to 10 years. Currently one sixth of BoB’s $12 billion in assets are located in Australia, where profits are expected to increase by 40 percent this year. 

The bank has come a long way. When Sfeir and a group of investors acquired it in 1993, BoB’s assets ranked 35th out of the 71 banks present at the time. Since then, it has expanded significantly in the local market and acquired several local banks over the years, including Banque Libano-Bresilienne, Mebco Bank, Beirut Brokers Company and Transorient Bank. But along the way, it lost its appetite for swallowing up local peers. “When you reach a certain size, acquiring another bank does not give you an added value because most banks have the same customers; 20 percent of the customers account for 80 percent of the business and we see them at most banks,” says Sfeir, adding that the banks that are for sale are not of the best quality.  

Crossing Frontiers

Overseas, beyond Australia, BoB has expanded to just one country in the Middle East — Oman — and three in Europe — Germany, the United Kingdom and Cyprus. It also has representative offices in Nigeria, Iraq, Dubai and Qatar. “We look for places where our colleagues are not present because our markets are very small. In Paris, there are five to six Lebanese banks sharing a very small pie,” says Sfeir. Even when the dust settles in Syria, it is not a country he is looking to tap into. 

Sfeir insists the bank has remained true to its roots

 

His strategy seems to be paying off. While Lebanon’s banking sector continues to ride the economic shocks from a fatigued domestic economy and the ongoing conflict next door, the sector’s profitability growth has taken a hit. But BoB has bucked the trend, netting a 15 percent profit in the first six months of the year versus just over 1 percent for the alpha banks — the 13 largest banks with deposits over $2 billion. As of September this year, the bank raked in $93 million in profits, after bringing in $118 million last year when it registered a 13 percent growth versus 8 percent for the alpha banks. 

A similar rosy picture is painted by the growth in total assets and customer deposits in the first half of the year — 16 and 17 percent respectively — the bank outgrew the sector by around 7 percent on both key figures. Being the leading local bank in trade finance, opening over $6 billion in letters of credit in 2012 and accounting for just under 30 percent of the alpha banks market share, also helps. 

While BoB has set its sights on expansion in further countries — to be revealed only once the plans are concrete — for now 80 percent of the profits still stem from Lebanon. Like the rest of the country’s banks, the key hindrance to further growth remains the country’s political situation. 

“It is regrettable that a place like Lebanon is so unlucky with its political environment because Lebanon could have played an extraordinary role in the region, but regretfully our politicians did not take this into consideration, both the old ones and the present ones” says Sfeir. With such a backdrop, Sfeir has no choice but to continue flying back to faraway shores in the quest for the growth missing at home. 

December 12, 2013 0 comments
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Economics & Policy

Start me up

by Livia Murray December 12, 2013
written by Livia Murray

A report by the World Bank’s Economic and Social Council in Beirut report revealed in April that Lebanon would need to create 23,000 new jobs per year over the next decade to absorb the growing number of jobseekers. Lebanon’s already fragile economy is now hinging precariously on regional developments and a Syrian civil war next door which has created both an economic and a humanitarian crisis.

What role can entrepreneurship play in such difficult times? According to Tarek Sadi, managing director of Endeavor Lebanon, a branch of the international support network for entrepreneurs, it could be a key solution for a teetering economy. “You have 20 leading companies in Lebanon that employ people, that do a lot of good. They provide a livelihood to a large amount of people; thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands of people,” he says. “Having another 20-40 companies in the next 10-20 years that reach that size and that have that income just doubles the opportunities out there, which will help us keep up with the demographic reality of the country.”

While traditional advice stipulates to wait until better times to launch a business, not all sectors of the economy have been dissuaded from new growth. Although Kafalat loans, designed to give collateral-free loans to startups and small businesses, registered a 17.2 percent drop in 2013, loans extended to some sectors actually increased. (see Kafalat piece page 100). Startups are beginning to pop up in Lebanon, mostly in the technology sector, creating an increasing need for an ecosystem favorable to their development.

Growing Lebanon’s companies requires attention at all levels, from the bottom of the value chain to developing the more established companies. Over the past couple of years new institutions have worked to create a support system that helps entrepreneurs launch and grow their businesses, a huge boon to entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur can now participate in startup competitions such as MIT Enterprise Forum’s Arab Startup Competition or the Grow My Business competition, can be incubated in Berytech, and can access venture capital from Middle East Venture Partners (MEVP) or Wamda, to name a few resources.

VENTUROUS CAPITAL

Investment, in particular that which is institutionalized, is a decent gauge of how Lebanon’s entrepreneurship ecosystem is developing. The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) reported foreign direct investment (FDI) in Lebanese companies in 2012 to be $3.78 billion, a slight increase from 2011’s $3.5 billion but a decrease from 2010. Retaining stable investor confidence shows that Lebanese entrepreneurial endeavors are still considered solid investments. No matter how resilient, however, no one is holding their breath for 2013 figures considering the current political and security climate. “We are not promising ourselves a raise in 2013 because of the circumstances and the impact of the Syrian conflict on the Lebanese economy as a whole,” says Nabil Itani, chairman and general manager of the Investment Authority of Lebanon (IDAL). “We hope that we will stay [at the same level] as 2012. It is our aim.”

Of course it is near impossible to assess exactly how much money is going to entrepreneurial endeavours because much investment still comes from personal funds, family, and friends. Much of angel investment — investment at earlier stages of the company — is completely unaccounted for. The single angel network in Lebanon, the Lebanese Business Angels, has not been very active over the past year and has not closed any deals.

When it comes to venture capital (VC), growth is clear, in both the region and Lebanon specifically. According to the MENA Private Equity Association’s most recent Venture Capital in the Middle East and North Africa Report, VC increased exponentially in the Middle East between 2010 and 2012. Investments in the MENA region increased from 10 in 2006 to 54 deals worth $308 million in 2012 including in Lebanon.  

VC firms active in Lebanon today are just a few years old. Lebanese-based firms such as Wamda, MEVP, and Berytech have, over the past couple of years, deployed their funds into growing Lebanese and regional companies. They focus on early stage, but most of them have done various types of funding — from seed capital to series A. Wamda’s average ticket size is a few hundred thousand dollars. Berytech has a $6 million fund which has invested in 15 technology companies, averaging $400,000 per investment. MEVP has an average ticket size of $700,000, but ranges from $100,000 to $1.5 million. All funds have either been deployed and are fundraising or will soon be fundraising. They hope to build larger funds, with Wamda aiming at a ticket size of $1-3 million and MEVP hoping to raise a fund worth a total of $40-50 million.

AVOIDING A HIT

By virtue of being new, venture capital firms in Lebanon are still exceedingly cautious when it comes to managing their investments in early-stage companies. Startups are undeniably risky investments, with a chance of failure pegged between 80 and 90 percent. In addition to this, investors who have experience in more traditional sectors have little understanding of technology-based businesses and are therefore skeptical about having their money deployed into them. The beauty of VC funds is that they are designed to mitigate this risk by deploying investor money into many startups, but even the managers of these funds prefer to play it safe.

The firms are very cautious that the companies they invest in are likely to make successful exits, garnering returns on the investments and gaining the trust of the investors to re-invest in subsequent fund. “Imagine our first fund does not perform well. We lose our investors, they will not come back,” says MEVP managing partner Walid Hanna. “The VC system is hit badly.” These cautious VCs have done a lot of co-investment with other venture capital funds. This measure mitigates risk, but it also forces them to share the benefits.

Companies that grow require millions in later-stage funding. While VC funds and angel investors will cover amounts in the hundreds of thousands — for VCs investment could go up to a couple of million — there is still a huge gap in subsequent funding in Lebanon as companies grow throughout their life cycle and want to keep expanding. “That’s where it gets stuck,” says Habib Haddad, CEO of Wamda. The funding gap provides a further reason for investors to be cautious in investing in Lebanon; investors ask themselves why they should invest in an early-stage company that will not succeed to get follow-on funding.

But given the youth of the sector, there is hope that as more companies mature and create a greater demand for later-stage funding, investors will begin to see Lebanon as a destination for investment. Despite the cautiousness of investors, the nascence of the entrepreneurship ecosystem, not to mention the regional and domestic security situation, the increase in deals year after year is good evidence that Lebanese entrepreneurs are beginning to be worth their mettle.

PUBLIC VS PRIVATE

From an infrastructure and regulatory perspective, the business climate in Lebanon is not ideal. High electricity and telecommunications costs weigh on businesses’ balance sheets, while outdated laws remain impervious to change as the parliament remains frozen, and slow to change when it is active. Moreover, government policies rarely cater to the private sector’s needs. Both private sector leaders and the government have voiced the need for closer collaboration so that an environment conducive to entrepreneurship can flourish. 

At an end-of-the-year roundtable for the Association of the Lebanese Software Industry (ALSI) in which both the public and private sector were represented, Leila Sawaya, project manager for the UNDP project at IDAL, voiced the need for private sector pressure groups to address their concerns to the public sector.

Calls for collaboration are nothing new. Fares Kobeissi, president of ALSI and chairman and CEO of credit automation company Bluering bemoans efforts to set up an advisory board of public and private sector members years ago. “Everybody in Lebanon is working on their own,” he says.

Many in the private sector have all but given up. “I lost hope of expecting more than should be expected,” says new media agency Born Interactive’s founder and CEO Fadi Sabbagha. “Just don’t surprise me with extra legislation.”

Public sector activists are very aware that their role is limited, but government initiatives, while they can facilitate entrepreneurship, can only take it so far. Many Lebanese entrepreneurs who have made it have done so despite a business climate that was not on their side, and even before a startup ecosystem in Lebanon was anything to speak of. Many of Executive magazine’s top 20 entrepreneurs for 2013 established successful companies in the face of significant barriers.

Much of the change needed comes from developments unrelated to the government (though a few favourable pieces of legislation wouldn’t hurt). “There’s a certain culture related to entrepreneurship that should be present,” says Salam Yamout, national ICT strategy coordinator at the Council of Ministers. The ability to take risks, the desire to compete globally, to be more than just a government employee, these are all characteristics that need to be engrained in entrepreneurs. This requires a change in the educational system, away from the rote learning system and toward training students to think outside the box.

Initiatives from the private sector are also paramount. “There is a big responsibility on the shoulders of entrepreneurs that have made it — business people, who can mentor a startup,” says Fadi Ghandour, founder of Aramex and chairman of Wamda. Established private sector companies have a stake in supporting budding entrepreneurs through finance and mentoring. This is, after all, the best way for emerging entrepreneurs to learn.

The Lebanese entrepreneurship ecosystem will take time to fully mature, but it has come a long way in the past three years. In the current economic downturn, entrepreneurship for Lebanon is a small beacon of hope.

December 12, 2013 0 comments
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The Buzz

Business briefing: 12 Dec 2013

by Executive Staff December 12, 2013
written by Executive Staff

Economics and Policy

Iran and the UAE are reportedly close to reaching a deal on returning three Iranian-occupied islands in the Arabian Gulf to the UAE.

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Some of the ministers refuse to involve Lebanon's Higher Council for Privatization in certain vital projects in order not to undermine their authority and privileges, the secretary-general of the body has said.

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Authorities in Saudi Arabia are planning to invest $4bn in developing water storage projects in the Gulf kingdom.

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Global oil demand in 2014 will be higher than previously forecast, after consumption in the US rebounded to its strongest level in five years, the International Energy Agency said.

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Companies and Business

Habtoor Leighton Group has secured a contract with the Al Habtoor Group worth $395m for the construction of the Residential Towers project as part of the $3bn Al Habtoor City development in Dubai.

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Advertising revenues in the Middle East and African markets are forecast to grow by 6.3 per cent in 2014, according to a report by Magna Global.

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The Middle East and Asia-Pacific are tipped to register the strongest growth for international passengers in the next four years amid forecasts that global passenger traffic will break through the three billion mark by 2017.

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Banking & Finance

Saad Azhari – Q&A

by Executive Editors December 12, 2013
written by Executive Editors

Despite the challenges of 2013 BLOM Bank has maintained significant growth thanks to its ability to react to developments in Lebanon and the region. Saad Azhari, the bank’s chairman and general manager, shares his experience and looks to 2014 with Executive.

Tell us a bit about the performance of the bank in 2013.

Our nine month results [show] an improvement; the profits of the bank increased 4 to 5 percent. There was also growth in assets, in deposits and in loans, so overall I would say a moderate growth of around 5 percent [across] the balance sheet.

What is your take on the macroeconomic situation?

For sure, if the situation of the economy was better we would have had higher growth. Normally it is better. The economic growth in the country estimated this year is around 1.5 percent, definitely much lower than we have seen between the years 2008 and 2010 and a similar level to last year. Due to the small growth [in the country] we are having a small growth in the balance sheet of the bank, and in the results. We hope that the situation improves.

What are the opportunities for the bank in these harsh economic times?

We are a full service bank. We are growing all businesses we have. We are growing our commercial banking activity and we are growing our retail banking activity. Definitely the highest growth we have is in the sectors where the central bank is helping out. The central bank as you know made a big effort in terms of providing — effectively subsidizing — housing loans. And the biggest growth in terms of lending is in housing loans.

How has this affected the loans-to-deposit ratio?

Loans have increased already compared to last year — 5 to 6 percent. In loans to deposits, there was a slight increase in the ratio.

In terms of investments, what sectors are you looking at?

The biggest investment banking activity we have is being done in Saudi Arabia. Activity in Lebanon was limited in terms of investment banking due to the situation. So the biggest activity in investment banking that happened for us was in our BLOM Invest Saudi Arabia where we have been very active in a lot of deals including real estate funds — we have created several real estate funds in Saudi Arabia.

In Lebanon, we have increased our activities in terms of asset management and in terms of private banking, but the opportunities for investment banking were really very limited.

From an industry level, what would you consider the biggest challenges?

The situation of the bank is relatively good, and we are trying more and more to expand our operations overseas. In just the next few weeks we are entering the Iraqi market. We will be opening our Baghdad branch effectively next week. In Erbil we will be opening our branch in March. We are strengthening our presence in the countries that we are present in.

The only area where we had a retraction of our activity is in Syria. The bank in Syria, due to the situation, definitely faced important challenges. But really we have managed to scale down our operation. Our lending in Syria two years ago was around $650 million. Now it’s around $40 million. So we are able to lower the size of our portfolio, and at the same time operationally we are still profitable.

Our positive experience in Syria during the crisis, [is that] the first thing [our loan customers did was] to close their loans, [which] really gave us a lot of confidence that in the future, when the situation stabilizes, we will definitely rapidly expand our activity in Syria. People respected their engagements and repaid their loans when the situation was very tough. This shows how the Syrian businesspeople are; they really care for their reputation. And this gives us a lot of courage for the future to deal with those customers again when the situation stabilizes in Syria.

What would you like to see happen in 2014?

Well, a lot of things. The biggest problem is the instability in the region that has affected Lebanon. And definitely we hope that there is an improvement in the regional situation which will [hopefully lead to] an improvement in the Lebanese situation. That’s wish number one.
On a financial side, I would say one of the disappointments this year is an increase in the deficit of the government…This year it’s the first time in a while we have seen our debt over gross domestic product go up.

Even a caretaker government can take measures to improve revenues.

December 12, 2013 0 comments
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Business

Fadi Ghandour – Q&A

by Livia Murray December 12, 2013
written by Livia Murray

Fadi Ghandour has played a pivotal role in guiding entrepreneurship in the Middle East. The Aramex founder acted as both investor and mentor for Maktoob, which was famously acquired by Yahoo! and provided inspiration for many in the region hoping to see entrepreneurship as a viable means of making a living. Maktoob in turn supported Yamli, Lebanon’s own success story. Ghandour left his position as CEO of Aramex in 2012 and is now focusing on Wamda and building an entrepreneurship support network. He talked with Executive Magazine from Amman, Jordan, on the importance of role models and the role of the private sector in entrepreneurship.

You are the founder of Aramex and were CEO for 30 odd years. What do you consider the most important development for entrepreneurship in the Middle East since Aramex was founded?

I think there are several elements here, and there are several events that have created the change process. Maybe [in particular] the focus on entrepreneurship, and [the increased] focus on the environment for entrepreneurship across the region. There has also been a proliferation of incubators and accelerators, while governments have created funds to support entrepreneurs.
Maybe also [important is] the proliferation of information, of a global village, of information dissemination around the world. People become affected by what they read and the role models they are inspired by. The internet gets people to understand what it means to be an entrepreneur and to build a business.

If you want to talk about the region, Maktoob’s transaction with Yahoo! [in 2009] contributed to the dissemination of the story that you can actually build a business over the internet and actually create some wealth and it has inspired a lot of people to do that. That, in my opinion, has contributed.

At the same time, we have the challenge of youth — of finding them jobs, education ­— the problem of unemployment. This has created a lot of attention in various governments to see if they can create an environment for creating jobs, and linking education to match the job market. This has given a lot of attention to entrepreneurship, as it could be one of the ways to address the issue of youth and job creation around the region.

As an investor and a mentor, you provided considerable support to Maktoob. This team in turn gave support to Yamli, one of Lebanon’s own success stories. How important is this type of mentorship for entrepreneurship in the region?

I think next to access to capital and finance, mentorship is one of the most important things that a startup can have. It cannot be overestimated how critical this is. There is a big responsibility on the shoulders of entrepreneurs that have made it — business people, who can mentor a startup. Because if you ask entrepreneurs and startups, they will tell you that they need someone to help, to mentor them. This is quite critical.

What is the value of success stories such as Aramex, Maktoob and Yamli for fostering entrepreneurship in the region and in the Levant?

I think it’s extremely important because there’s nothing better that tells a story and that inspires people to do things than stories that have been successful. So role models and success stories have been extremely important. And that’s why I always talk about the role of media for bringing out these success stories. Role models inspire people to emulate them. They think “if he can do it, I can do it”. The world is filled with inspiring people that have been copied, emulated, and looked up to to get people to act.

The Arab Spring is about role models. Even the Mohamed Bouazizi case in Tunisia made people go to the streets. It’s quite powerful. And I think that the founders of Maktoob and Yamli are the role models of the Arab world. I think people have established companies because they saw that “if they can do it, we certainly can.”

You mentioned in your 2012 ArabNet talk that according to the Arab Youth Survey the percentage of youth in the Levant who want to start a business is much lower than in the rest of the Arab world. Why do you think that is?

I don’t know. It could be that a lot of the kids come out of the region because of the political turmoil in the Levant; they have an aspiration to leave. A number of youth in the Levant want to emigrate. It’s part of the challenge, again, of retaining talent, of retaining youth in view of massive political and economic tensions. The Syrian war doesn’t help; the amount of refugees doesn’t help. There are a lot of pressures to create a livelihood and a lot of youth might think that emigrating and leaving is the right thing to do. But given that there are a lot of entrepreneurs popping up in the Levant, we have to be careful about these studies.

How big of an impact do you think entrepreneurship can have in Lebanon and in the region?

Look, I’m very biased. I think entrepreneurship is probably the most important element today in solving the issue of unemployment in the region. You also have to think of entrepreneurship not just as going out and creating a business, but learning skills and critical thinking that [mean an entrepreneur] becomes a solution-minded individual and activist; someone who refuses the status quo. These are people who go out and even have a better chance in getting jobs. It improves job chances, and if you still don’t have a job you have skills to build a business.

What is the role of the private sector in helping the new generation of entrepreneurs? What can private companies do to support entrepreneurship?

The private sector and people that have made it, engaged in private enterprise, and have experience under their belt in trial and error and have experience of the marketplace — this is the experience that the private sector brings: mentorship, bringing knowledge to youth.
You make your organization available for these young entrepreneurs to buy their products, mentor them, or create internships in organizations that can come and work and understand the way private companies operate. They can also create an entrepreneurship environment which can foster this mentality and foster these skills inside the region.

People in this domain can be private investors, participate in funds, or can lobby governments to allow young entrepreneurs to establish businesses faster or participate in business plan competitions.

The private sector is at the forefront. Today we see many government initiatives, but government initiatives alone lack a comprehensive view. Governments are important but without the private sector as a second base to foster entrepreneurship you’re not going to have it.

Because the public sector doesn’t understand what entrepreneurship is. They just don’t. They know it’s important, but they think it’s a policy. It’s not just a policy, it’s a whole culture that needs to be fostered by the private sector and entrepreneurs by definition.

You interact with many early-stage companies in your various roles at MENA Venture Investments, Abraaj Capital, and Wamda. What is the most valuable insight that you can give to budding entrepreneurs in the Middle East?

There are many things that entrepreneurs need to know. But the most important thing I think is that you are in the process of building a business. And that’s a long-term process, it doesn’t happen overnight. It’s about building a team, and creating an organization that has value. It’s not about building for exits. You can sell your business if you want to do this by building your business, but entrepreneurship is not about making a quick buck.

Where do you see entrepreneurship taking the Middle East in the next five, ten years?

Again, I go back to previous answers on entrepreneurship being the most important element in solving the issue of job creation. Entrepreneurship is the heart of it. Entrepreneurship in its holistic view — from education all the way up to building a business — is going to be at the heart of solving unemployment in the region and addressing the issue of youth in the Arab world. That’s the biggest challenge: how to create talent and an environment that fosters and cares for entrepreneurs. And that’s from cradle to grave, if you want to create students that have entrepreneurial minds.

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Since its first edition emerged on the newsstands in 1999, Executive Magazine has been dedicated to providing its readers with the most up-to-date local and regional business news. Executive is a monthly business magazine that offers readers in-depth analyses on the Lebanese world of commerce, covering all the major sectors – from banking, finance, and insurance to technology, tourism, hospitality, media, and retail.

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