• Donate
  • Our Purpose
  • Contact Us
Executive Magazine
  • ISSUES
    • Current Issue
    • Past issues
  • BUSINESS
  • ECONOMICS & POLICY
  • OPINION
  • SPECIAL REPORTS
  • EXECUTIVE TALKS
  • MOVEMENTS
    • Change the image
    • Cannes lions
    • Transparency & accountability
    • ECONOMIC ROADMAP
    • Say No to Corruption
    • The Lebanon media development initiative
    • LPSN Policy Asks
    • Advocating the preservation of deposits
  • JOIN US
    • Join our movement
    • Attend our events
    • Receive updates
    • Connect with us
  • DONATE
Fause Haten Naim
Lebanese in BrazilSociety

Success story: Fause Haten

by Joe Dyke July 9, 2014
written by Joe Dyke

This article is part of an in depth special report on the Lebanese in Brazil. Read more stories as they’re published here, or pick up July’s issue at newsstands in Lebanon.

Fause Haten grew up wrapped in fabrics. His parents emigrated from Lebanon in the 1950s and started a small clothing factory — making basic designs sold in the famous Rua 25 de Marco in São Paulo. “My father was doing jeans and shorts. It was a time when big companies were doing clothes, not doing fashion,” he says.

As a teenager Haten visited Italy and fell in love. Desperate to travel again but without the funds to do so, he asked his father for a sewing machine to make clothes to sale. “So I started not as an artist or a fashion designer but as a merchant — the same as my parents and grandparents.”

Soon, however, he would drift beyond function into fashion. “I started to have my artist veins appearing on those clothes. I have always had a 3-dimensional view of how a dress should look.”

Nowadays he is among the country’s biggest fashion designers; with many of the world’s top models having worn his dresses, including Brazil’s very own Gisele Bündchen. Growth in Brazil was followed by stints as a designer for shows at New York’s and Milan’s fashion weeks.

Yet as Haten became more successful, he became weary of an often materialistic world. In recent years he has sold his fashion business and stepped back, enabling him the space to take up new activities such as acting. He has recently starred in his first play, about the life of Yves Saint Laurent. “I understood that I am a performer so there is no way I will just do one thing any more, I will always do many things together.”

Like many Lebanese–Brazilians, Haten’s Lebanon is an imagined one that bears only a passing resemblance to the state today. For him, his roots are as much about decadence and desert as civil war. “I am Lebanese, that feeling is deep in me — I love opulence, I love colors, I love jewelry, I used to wear a lot of stuff. I recognize in me this Lebanese influence.”

He has never been to Lebanon but has visited other parts of the Middle East and would love to go to Beirut. “In Morocco we rented a car and travelled. I remember when we passed by a desert I was crying for no reason,” he says. “I have a little fear to go to Lebanon as I think it would be very strong for me, there is something there.”

July 9, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Ana Estela Haddad
Lebanese in BrazilSociety

Success story: Ana Estela Haddad

by Joe Dyke July 9, 2014
written by Joe Dyke

This article is part of an in depth special report on the Lebanese in Brazil. Read more stories as they’re published here, or pick up July’s issue at newsstands in Lebanon.

Ana Estela Haddad is determined not to be defined by her husband. The wife of São Paulo’s mayor once resigned from a top job in the Ministry of Education when her husband got appointed minister. “I couldn’t work for my husband,” she laughs. Yet she admits it is a double-edged sword as her title now brings her opportunities to do the charitable work she adores. Currently she heads a program looking to improve early childcare for young people across São Paulo. The newly launched program aims to reduce disease among the city’s 800,000 children under six. “All the research shows that early child development is a very important period for children,” she says.

While she defines herself as Brazilian first and foremost, she is deeply aware of her Lebanese roots. Her grandfather’s arrival is perhaps the strangest story of the family. As a child, he used to play on the boats near Beirut port. “They used to hide in ships and pretend that one day they would come to Brazil,” she says. “One day they were playing and the ship set off for Brazil. He wasn’t supposed to be there.” Aged just 12 and travelling just with his 16 year old cousin, they took the 40-day trip to Brazil where they built a new life. “When they arrived in Brazil people called for their relatives but nobody was waiting for them. They had no money, nothing.”

She says her grandfather’s loss of his homeland was channeled into his work and caring for his family and community but she also believes it gave him and her family greater commitment to Brazil. “When you leave your country, it is like you leave a part of you behind. When you arrive to a new country somehow you must to justify this loss — to do something for the good in the country where you are,” she says. “This gives a reason for this suffering, for leaving your world behind, to build something good here.”

July 9, 2014 1 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Henry Maksoud Neto
BusinessLebanese in Brazil

Success story: Henry Maksoud-Neto

by Joe Dyke July 8, 2014
written by Joe Dyke

This article is part of an in depth special report on the Lebanese in Brazil. Read more stories as they’re published here, or pick up July’s issue at newsstands in Lebanon.

Despite its size, the 416-room Maksoud Plaza has a cozy feel, like a comforting but well worn bar. While the interior is sharp and clean, it maintains a rustic charm that points toward its former glories.

This partly comes from a strong sense of its history — the 35 year old hotel is the oldest five-star venue in São Paulo. In 1981 Frank Sinatra played one of his last ever Latin American concerts there, while other Western stars to have frequented the place in its musical heyday include Mick Jagger and Ozzy Osbourne. These kind of extravagances were the work of the then-owner Henry Maksoud. A self-made businessman, the engineer and entrepreneur became one of Brazil’s most prominent and powerful businessmen in the second half of the 20th century. His Hidroservice company designed major engineering projects across the world, while he also established a powerful computing company. In the late 1970s he decided to put some of his profits into establishing the hotel. Despite his empire, he always maintained a “Lebanese attitude” to running his companies, according to his grandson Henry Maksoud-Neto. What he means by this is summed up in a Brazilian saying that the owners should have their ‘bellies on the table’ in all matters. “We try to to work like a shop, [to be] close and personal with the business. I interview all employees personally and I think this makes a difference in the service and the guests,” says Maksoud-Neto, who has been running the hotel for four years but working there for 14.

“Forty percent of all employees have been here more than ten years and we think this reflects [positively] on our business. We have conferences that have been coming here for 30 years — it is good for the client. This is one of the well known characteristics of the hotel.”

Maksoud senior came across hard times in the 1990s, with many of his interests failing — though the hotel survived by shifting into other areas. Nowadays it has a more serious reputation as among the city’s top venues for conferences and business events. Maksoud died earlier this year, yet his grandson plans to keep the hotel growing in a similar fashion.

Currently turnover is around 50 million Reals ($22 million) and there are plans afoot to open two new hotels in the coming years, one in Manaus and another elsewhere in the state of São Paulo. Yet the country’s economic woes — with interest rates of 12–14 percent on borrowing and high inflation — have put these projects on the back burner.

And the carnival atmosphere currently sweeping Brazil is notable for bypassing Maksoud-Neto, who points out that the World Cup has actually hurt business. In June last year, he says, occupancy rates were 70 percent, this year they are as low as 45. “It is terrible for us. We normally have in June a strong month for business — a lot of people come from abroad … but during the World Cup, people don’t do business, so the hotel is suffering a lot with low occupancy.”

July 8, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Lebanese in BrazilSociety

Success story: Gustavo Chacra

by Joe Dyke July 8, 2014
written by Joe Dyke

This article is part of an in depth special report on the Lebanese in Brazil. Read more stories as they’re published here, or pick up July’s issue at newsstands in Lebanon.

Almost every night, millions of Brazilians are greeted by Gustavo Chacra’s smiling face. The Middle East expert for the most popular TV channel, Globo, is to many the country’s first link to the region.

Chacra attributes his interest in the Middle East as much to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as to his Lebanese roots. An initial interest in the politics of the region was followed by a diaspora trip to Lebanon — similar to those organized by Jewish organizations to Israel. It was here that his love of Lebanon was really cemented.

One of a small percentage of Lebanese–Brazilians to have engaged with the contemporary Middle East, he thinks the level of knowledge of the region is desperately low. “Most of the diaspora are proud of their Lebanese roots but they don’t know anything about Lebanon — they don’t even know who Saad Hariri, Michel Aoun or Samir Geagea are. They [only] know the food and the village from which they came.”

Like many, Chacra admits that his parents would perhaps have preferred him to pick a more traditional career. His father Antonio, a hugely successful doctor and former vice-president of the International Diabetes Association, admits that he pushed his three children toward his profession to no avail. “I tried to encourage them to be doctors but I didn’t reach my goal. Maybe the generation changed, it is different, they are more easy-going,” he sighs.

July 8, 2014 1 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Editorial

The momentum was building

by Yasser Akkaoui July 8, 2014
written by Yasser Akkaoui

When the World Cup kicked off last month, it felt like a good summer was in the offing. Bars and cafes were full. The Gulf countries had lifted their travel bans, and we could already see tourists and expats on the streets. Hotels were finally reporting decent occupancy rates — with the tourism minister even saying the Phonecia, Le Gray and Crowne Plaza reached nearly 100 percent.

Now, after almost three months of silence, bombings are back and we find terrorists are booking hotel rooms. Even if the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria fails to bring more wanton murder to Lebanon, the country will still feel the pressure of these monsters’ actions in Iraq and Syria. This is a long-term problem that requires long-term planning, not only by security forces.

Parliamentarians and civil servants — safe in jobs they keep no matter how little they work — don’t feel the effect of this randomness the way so many others do. Hardworking people lose jobs when hotels are empty. Entrepreneurs lose business when fear keeps customers at home. Real estate developers sit on projects — sometimes at significant cost — when bombs push buyers away.

Instead of thinking big, facilitating economic growth and luring in foreign direct investment, Lebanon’s political class thinks small — worried most with lining their own pockets.

The disdain someone like Ogero chief Abdel Moneim Youssef shows for the private sector — which is humiliated into waiting for the crumbs he throws them — is sickening. Private internet providers want to spend their money on more capacity and access to central offices. A civil servant should not be allowed to stop them — especially when higher internet penetration has been proven to directly boost GDP.

Similarily, petty bickering since early 2013 has stopped oil and gas exploration dead in its tracks. Moving forward would draw in FDI creating jobs in local companies servicing the industry (not to mention the benefits if actual discoveries are made). International oil companies do business in rough places, so the security risk will not necessarily deter them.

While private enterprise has always adapted to new security threats, this one will not soon disappear. Companies may find it difficult to survive, but Lebanese at home and abroad are used to rising to these and many other challenges. Sadly, it would be too ambitious to ask the crooks in power to join in the effort.

July 8, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Dome over Springfield, from "The Simpsons Movie"
Finance

Bouncing back

by Thomas Schellen July 7, 2014
written by Thomas Schellen

Three benchmark indices got a welcomed reprieve from selloffs, leading Arab markets in the 27th week of the year. The Dubai Financial Market — home of the Arabtec scandal that triggered a pummelling of markets over the previous weeks — saw its benchmark index advance 4.2 percent amid trading volumes of more than 1 billion shares in three sessions, far above its 50-day average.

Stock index performance

On the Qatar Exchange, the index gain was even higher at 4.7 percent and in Abu Dhabi, the uptrend was 2.3 percent. Both exchanges saw higher volumes on the first three days of July when compared with daily volumes in the previous two weeks.

Other markets in the Middle East and North Africa displayed index fluctuations of lesser intensity but with a preponderance of gains; the only drops, at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.5 percent, were registered in Bahrain, Beirut and Morocco.

Shopping for confidence

Dubai closed the week marginally better than 20 percent down from its May 14 peak, allowing definition purists a new round of debate whether the recent downturn constitutes a bear market. Arabtec, whose board ventured to reassure investors and observers in a rare press conference on July 2, recovered at least somewhat from the onslaught of doubts that had almost erased the stock’s year-to-date price gains by its June 30 close. While still deeply wounded and having much trust yet to restore, the company showed a net weekly gain of 13.5 percent in the week.

In mature stock exchanges, when the going gets tough, the tough — meaning informed investors with enough cash on hand and a contrarian strategy — tend to go shopping. In the Dubai setting, the maxim seems to read a bit differently: when trust is in doubt, announce a mall. The latest big news aiming to boost trust in the emirate was an elaboration of the Mall of the World project in the Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum City megaproject, named after Dubai’s ruler and majority shareholder in the Dubai Holding company that owns the mall project.

According to a July 5 press statement by Dubai Holding, the new mall will be the world’s largest, at 8 million square feet (743,000 square meters) but that is not the big news. The mall will be embedded into “the world’s first temperature-controlled city,” the announcement said. This 4.5 million square meter project will be located along Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai. Temperature control will apparently be achieved via a protective cover, namely “a glass dome that will be open during the winter months.” Cost and implementation timeline of the venture were not included in the statement.

It was not all malls that spelled potential for new market boosts in the region, though. Tadawul, the Saudi bourse, saw the TASI climb 1.2 percent — perhaps with a whiff of optimism from neighbor markets but entirely without a new entry into the books for breaking new construction records. Toward the end of the week, the Saudi market was invigorated by second quarter results news, highlighted by petrochemicals giant Saudi Basic Industries Co’s (SABIC) dividend announcement of SAR 2.5 ($0.67) per share for the first half in 2013 that represented an increase of SAR 0.5 from the same period in 2013. Other better-than-anticipated results for the second quarter came from Saudi Hollandi Bank, Riyad Bank and dairy producer Almarai after the week’s market close.

Egypt’s budget

In the region’s most populous country, Egypt, week 27 brought a couple of upward sessions to the Egyptian Exchange after the government announced an austerity budget containing what was described as a planned deficit equal to 10 percent of GDP for the new fiscal year 2014–15, which started on July 1.

Reuters cited a statement saying that Egypt’s planned deficit would be EGP 240 billion ($33.5 billion) after a reduction from EGP 292 billion ($40.8 billion) in an earlier budget draft that was rejected by President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The World Bank estimated Egypt’s GDP was $272 billion in 2013.

The new budget’s EGP 52 billion deficit reduction was to be achieved by a combination of subsidy cuts and higher taxes, some of which were announced during the week. Tax increases include levies on capital gains and stock dividends, along with efforts to tax Egypt-based companies and professionals who incur revenues outside of the country. The bulk of savings, however, is to be realized via lowering of subsidies for diesel fuel and electricity.

Minister of Finance Hani Qadri Demian announced that Egypt aims for annual economic growth rates of 4 to 5.8 percent in the three fiscal years ending in June 2018, up from an expected growth of 3.2 percent in the just-started fiscal year, according to the country’s State Information Service.

Most notable news pertaining to the Beirut Stock Exchange was a reminder that the BSE has been slated for transformation into a joint stock company and gradual privatization under the 2011 Capital Markets Law. This reminder was based on remarks by central bank governor Riad Salameh at a conference in June, but unfortunately came in the form of a haplessly transcribed, non-fact-checked and very carelessly edited interview of BSE vice president Ghaleb Mahmassani by an English-language Beirut daily.

July 7, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
The Buzz

A very holy month

by Nabila Rahhal July 7, 2014
written by Nabila Rahhal

As the World Cup’s 2014 ‘Round of 16’ drew to a close last week, Executive once again sat down with a few hospitality venue owners to see whether the recent suicide bombings and the beginning of the holy month of Ramadan had affected them.

Some restaurants airing the games had indeed noticed lesser volume of people since the start Ramadan, compared to the first week of the game, as people tend to eat more at home during the first week of the month. While admitting that their venues in Verdun and Hamra were less busy than the first week of the games, Rita Saati, marketing officer at Roadster Group, says their other locations compensated for this and they didn’t have a major cumulative decrease in sales or volume, making them satisfied with their venues’ performance during the World Cup thus far.

Most bars and clubs in Beirut are experiencing the annual slump that comes with the onset of the Ramadan when many practicing Muslims abstain from drinking alcohol. Yet the World Cup games, especially as the competition intensifies, are drawing out more crowds than usual for this period. Toni Rizk says his bars, Gatsby and Nu, were fully booked for the Germany–France game, but says that Uruguay Street as a whole had been less busy since the onset of Ramadan — which he says was expected, while the suicide bombings caused a decrease in customers on the nights they occurred.

While the semifinals and finals may bring crowds to Beirut’s bars despite Ramadan, it is to be noted, however, that the owners Executive spoke with say the increase in footfall that the World Cup brings to their venues has not translated into an increase in revenues, and that they usually just break even during the World Cup period, considering the investment they put into getting the broadcasting equipment and rights.

Shisha-serving cafes, which usually fill up during Ramadan — and even moreso now that people have football to watch as well — are examples of venues able to capitalize on the World Cup–Ramadan overlap.

Raouche’s Dardashat Café boasts a waiting list for the 11:00 pm games from now until final game, while for Beb El Az in Verdun, the World Cup period is the fullest they have been since opening three months ago. “We fully returned the investment we put into the World Cup during the first period and made a name for ourselves as the destination in Verdun thanks to the games,” says Bilal Daouk, Bab El Az’s manager on duty, explaining that people like to come after the evening iftar meal, have a shisha and watch the game on the giant screen on their wide terrace.

Ramadan or not, explosions or not, it seems that the Lebanese are determined to enjoy what is left of the 2014 World Cup — and hospitality venues are just as determined to make a profit during this holy season.

July 7, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Amyr Klink in Sao Paulo, 21 Jun 2014.
Lebanese in BrazilSociety

Latin America’s Indiana Jones

by Joe Dyke July 7, 2014
written by Joe Dyke

This article is part of an in depth special report on the Lebanese in Brazil. Read more stories as they’re published here, or pick up July’s issue at newsstands in Lebanon.

Perhaps the strangest phone call Amyr Klink ever got was in the summer of 1984. Picking up the line he heard his father’s booming voice, calling from the office of Pierre Gemayel, the founder of the Kataeb Party in Lebanon.

This was unusual in many ways — his father had rarely travelled back to the country of his birth since he left in the 1930s and with Lebanon’s vicious civil war intensifying he was putting his life at risk. Gemayel’s son Bashir had been assassinated two years earlier after making an agreement with the Israelis. While Klink’s father was deeply hostile to Israel, he maintained a friendship with Pierre — who himself would be dead of a heart attack within a few months.

Yet if his father’s location was unusual, Klink’s was odder still. For at that moment he was in a 5-meter boat — well on the way to becoming the first person to ever row across the South Atlantic Ocean alone. He had been over two months without seeing another soul and was only communicating with the outside world twice a week to confirm he was still alive.

[media-credit name=”Marina Klink” align=”alignnone” width=”580″]NVa01 62[/media-credit]

But his father was not calling to cheer him on. In fact he was furious — Klink had set off on his epic journey without telling him, knowing he would disapprove. “He shouted: ‘You should have told me before,’” Klink recalls, mocking his father’s bellowing tones. ‘Now Neptune must protect you!’

It was shortly after his cousin in Lebanon had lost his leg in a bomb attack and despite his father’s anger, the rather bizarre call actually gave Amyr a sense of perspective in the middle of his epic struggle. “I had completely different problems, but I was feeling kind of privileged to be in the Atlantic with no worries at all. I just had to row ten hours a day, but [the Lebanese] had a very complicated life,” he says.

Klink is Latin America’s most famous explorer (one Brazilian described him to Executive as “like our country’s Indiana Jones”). In an era when navigators are very rarely household names, his record is astonishing.

[pullquote]Throughout his career when he was told something was not possible, he sought out another voice that would say it was[/pullquote]

The South Atlantic trip — which began in Namibia and ended exactly 100 days later in Salvador, Brazil — was a landmark that explorers had dreamed of for years. Many had perished attempting it. After writing the story of the trip into a bestselling book, “100 Days Between Sea and Sky,” he then switched his attentions. “Everyone was asking: ‘which is the next ocean you will row?’ I said no. I enjoyed it very much but I don’t want any rowing experience any more in my life,” he says. “I wanted to go sailing.”

With the freedom afforded him by newfound fame, he switched to designing and commissioning the perfect boat for an epic trip to the end of the earth. It took him nearly five years — a period in which he infuriated numerous designers by changing plans — but in 1989 he set off to sail from Antarctica to the Arctic, a trip that had never been done alone before.

In total he would spend 642 days on the boat, including seven whole months when the vessel became frozen in the Antarctic. There were, he admits, a few times when he thought he might not make it. “I had two or three weeks of very bad weather — waves of more than 25–30 meters for 10–12 days,” he says, before adding that while there he was fearful it was also strangely peaceful. Nearly a decade later he would again set out to circumnavigate the Antarctic on his own — again a first. The 79-day trip was called “Antarctica 360.”

[media-credit name=”Marina Klink” align=”alignnone” width=”580″]100_Digitalizar0109[/media-credit]

Under the waters

Sitting in his São Paulo office, the 48-year-old is surprisingly studious for a man with such achievements — more university lecturer than crazed explorer. Yet he is far more comfortable talking about naval technology than he is discussing how he felt during the trips. Time and again he denies that he has done anything that other humans couldn’t do. “I hate this stuff about testing your limits,” he says as he tries in vain to explain what drives him forward.

Perhaps the hardest part to understand is not the super-human determination to keep going — during the Antarctic trip he often went 40 hours without sleep, and even when he did it was never for more than 45 minutes — but the lack of loneliness. Klink says he never once felt alone while sailing — despite going over a year without human physical contact.

He says he is not an introverted person and had no desire to disappear from the world. As a child he “never enjoyed being by myself,” he says. “But at sea it is a different experience — you must do it all by yourself, you are very concentrated on what you must do, what you cannot do. It is quite stressful, so every moment you have when nothing is broken is a nice moment. At the end you don’t feel the weight of being alone.”

When stranded in the Antarctic he feared the boredom would creep in, but it never did. “I took 600 books on the boat to read and I had no time to read even one. There were so many things every day, organizing energy and heat and water. Getting the first picture of the first [penguin] eggs, and the first seals coming, and the waves coming back. So it was very, very busy. It is funny but it is true.”

Klink attributes his success primarily to well-designed boats, but his modesty is far from convincing. The answer to his determination may in fact lie with his family. His relationship with his father, who he describes as a “very difficult man” who enjoyed arguments and debate, appears a key factor in driving him.

Klink off the coast of Antarctica

[/media-credit] Klink off the coast of Antarctica

He was ultimately a stubborn and determined figure — something that Klink certainly inherited. He recalls, for example, the fight within the family over the land they owned in the town of Paraty, a few hundred kilometers from São Paulo. Growing up, Klink was frustrated by his father’s unwillingness to sell or develop the land. “He said ‘the only important thing is to have wood and water, wood and water.’ We were always trying [to persuade] him to develop and put cattle plantations and other developments,” he recalls. “Today, after 50 years, we realize he was right — the highest land in Paraty is the land that was not developed. It became a very special place because the land was not developed like other towns.”

While the softly spoken Klink is unlike his father in style, perhaps he is not so much in substance. Throughout his career when he was told something was not possible, he sought out another voice that would say it was.

Nowadays his adventures have been scaled back, though he still makes regular trips to the Antarctic. The next challenge may be to sail from Europe to the land of his father. One uncle is still alive in Jounieh and he would like to take his children there. “I am a bit afraid of bureaucratic issues of sailing there with Israel but I think we can do it.”

July 7, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Early photo of the Port of Santos, Brazil 1907 LERC Archives, Roberto Khatlab Collection
LeadersLebanese in Brazil

A home for everyone

by Executive Editors July 4, 2014
written by Executive Editors

One striking feature about the Lebanese–Brazilian community is how divided they are on the topic of the land of their forefathers. Older Lebanese–Brazilians or those whose families emigrated in recent decades tend to be deeply attached to their mother country. They will follow the news and have opinions about the region, even if they have little physical interaction with it.

In contrast, many of the younger members of the community — often third or fourth generation — feel, at most, ambivalent toward their roots. While they recognize the struggles of their ancestors, they have little interest in the culture of Lebanon or even identifying as Lebanese. Many, in essence, have forgotten about Lebanon.

This reflects negatively on Lebanon. Clearly decades of crises have strained links with the diaspora. As one third-generation Lebanese–Brazilian who was young during the civil war put it: “At that time the information flow was cut completely. We grew up with an increasingly distant idea of what Lebanon was, until we very sadly gave up. Lebanon was like something from the past that was very tragically lost.”

Yet it is not all due to Lebanon’s problems — the ebbing away of the Lebanese–Brazilian identity also reflects positively on Brazil. Since the late 1800s the country’s model of immigration has been to encourage people not merely to move to make money, but to make a home. Waves of people from Italy, Germany, Japan and the Middle East have started new lives. These groups have mingled and merged to create new identities, with intermarriage common.

This in turn has helped spur innovation — the country’s largest Arab fast-food chain, Habib’s, was founded by a Portuguese man after a chance encounter with an elderly Lebanese. The long-term benefits can be seen in Brazil’s modern, multicultural and largely tolerant society. While the country’s economy is currently suffering a slowdown, it remains well positioned to develop into a leading force globally in the coming decades.

Brazil’s successful integration of immigrants is a prime example of the efficiency of what economists Daron Acemoğlu and James Robinson term ‘inclusive institutions’ — the politics that allow many to govern, minimizing marginalization and subjugation. Such institutions, they argue, produce sustainable, long-term economic benefits — as seen today in Brazil.

The contrast with the Middle East could hardly be starker. In the region, migrants are often seen as little more than an extended financial transaction — with workers in Lebanon slaves to the satisfaction of their employers through the systematically exploitative kafala system. This is a prime example of Acemoğlu and Robinson’s ‘extractive institutions’ — politics that concentrate power in the hands of a few and cannot produce sustained economic returns in the long term.

While crises have often caused Lebanese to emigrate, so too have economics. And so long as Lebanon clings to extractive institutions — with a small, permanent political class robbing the people of their wealth and dignity — the Lebanese will continue to leave for sunnier shores.

While attempts like that by Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil to reconnect the Brazilian diaspora with Lebanon are to be welcomed, they must be followed by substantive action at home.

And to be truly transformative, these actions must be far broader in scope than currently envisaged. Instead of only trying for one-off investments from the diaspora, policymakers should attempt to fashion institutions that are more inclusive of both the Lebanese, and the large number of non-Lebanese who want to be here.

Concrete steps would include: simplifying visa requirements, affording unskilled workers more rights and realistic means of exercising them, easing restrictions on Palestinian labor, and abolishing the vile kafala system.

But such changes will require a shift in mindset. Crucially, it will require Lebanese to have the audacity to be optimistic about the future — eager, instead of threatened by the prospect of including a more diverse range of people in the country’s governance.

It is perhaps the best lesson the diaspora could teach us.

July 4, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Lebanese in BrazilSociety

Success story: Denise Milan

by Joe Dyke July 4, 2014
written by Joe Dyke

This article is part of an in depth special report on the Lebanese in Brazil. Read more stories as they’re published here, or pick up July’s issue at newsstands in Lebanon.

From Denise Milan’s 12th floor studio, São Paulo stretches for miles in every direction. The sprawling metropolis both inspires and frustrates her — its heart pulses with energy, but not always the constructive kind.

The artist works with natural resources to help bring out what she calls the ‘language of stones’ — the natural balance in the universe. With her art, Milan seeks to reconcile people to their place through the acceptance of wider powers at force in nature — a message she believes is key for migrant communities. “Through these structures I can reconnect people to their origins because the people of the diaspora are cut from their origins, they left them bleeding and crying. It was not that they just left and said ‘we will conquer America.’ There was a cry, there was a sorrow. Then, through these structures in Brazil I can better understand the belonging to the universe, belonging to my origins.”

She gives the example of basalt and quartz — two parts of many rocks. They form against each other — appearing in conflict yet totally reliant upon one another. “The basalt may seem an obstacle but in reality it gives the [quartz its] form. It is all about the tension — about how one helps build the other.” This lesson, she says, can be applied to human life.

Her sculptures can be found across São Paulo, including one chasm in the wall on the metro line. In it, crystals are lit up, giving the impression of staring into the center of the earth. “It pulsates; you have the sensation of it breathing,” she says. Outside of Brazil she has had exhibitions across the United States, while her works can be seen in Chicago and Italy.

In recent years she has reconnected with her own roots — becoming the Brazilian representative for the campaign to have Lebanon recognized as a land of dialogue. She truly believes Brazil’s multicultural society — in which dozens of immigrant groups have come to identify themselves as Brazilians above all — can be an inspiration for Lebanon. “Lebanon is a model and Brazil is like a star for this model.”

July 4, 2014 0 comments
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
  • 1
  • …
  • 190
  • 191
  • 192
  • 193
  • 194
  • …
  • 685

Latest Cover

About us

Since its first edition emerged on the newsstands in 1999, Executive Magazine has been dedicated to providing its readers with the most up-to-date local and regional business news. Executive is a monthly business magazine that offers readers in-depth analyses on the Lebanese world of commerce, covering all the major sectors – from banking, finance, and insurance to technology, tourism, hospitality, media, and retail.

  • Donate
  • Our Purpose
  • Contact Us

Sign up for our newsletter

[contact-form-7 id=”27812″ title=”FooterSubscription”]

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Instagram
  • Linkedin
  • Youtube
Executive Magazine
  • ISSUES
    • Current Issue
    • Past issues
  • BUSINESS
  • ECONOMICS & POLICY
  • OPINION
  • SPECIAL REPORTS
  • EXECUTIVE TALKS
  • MOVEMENTS
    • Change the image
    • Cannes lions
    • Transparency & accountability
    • ECONOMIC ROADMAP
    • Say No to Corruption
    • The Lebanon media development initiative
    • LPSN Policy Asks
    • Advocating the preservation of deposits
  • JOIN US
    • Join our movement
    • Attend our events
    • Receive updates
    • Connect with us
  • DONATE